In the division of labor, the planting, care of the corn in the fields
and the harvesting belong to the men. When the brilliant ears are
garnered, then the women's work begins. No other feature of the Hopi
household is so interesting as the row of three or more slabs placed
slantwise in stone-lined troughs sunk in the floor; these are their
mills. They are of graded fineness, and this is also true of the
oblong hand stones, or _manos_, which are rubbed upon them with an up
and down motion as in using a washboard. Sometimes three women work
at the mills; the first woman grinds the corn into coarse meal on the
coarse stone and passes her product over to the second, who grinds it
still finer, and the third finishes it on the last stone; sometimes
one woman alone carries the meal through the successive stages, but it
is a poor household that cannot furnish two grinders. The skill with
which the woman spreads the meal over the grinding slab by a flirt of
the hand as the _mano_ is brought up for the return stroke is truly
remarkable, and the rhythmic precision of all the motions suggests a
machine. The weird song sung by the grinders and the rumble of the
mill are characteristic sounds of the Hopi pueblos, and as the women
grinders powder their perspiring faces with meal while they work, they
look well the part of millers. Little girls are early taught to grind,
and they often may be prevailed upon to display their accomplishment
before visitors.
The finely ground meal is piled and patted into conical heaps on the
flat basket trays, making quite an exhibition of which the Hopi women
are very proud, much meal indicating diligence as well as a bountiful
supply of the staff of life. Grinding is back-breaking work, and one
humanely wishes that the Hopi women, and especially the immature
girls, could be relieved of this too heavy task.
While corn-meal enters into all Hopi cooking as the chief ingredient,
most of it is made into "paper bread," called _piki_, resembling more
than anything else the material of a hornet's nest. This bread is
made from batter, colored gray with wood ashes, dexterously spread
very thinly with the hand over a heated slab of stone. _Piki_ bakes
quickly, coming free from the slab and is directly folded up into
convenient compass and so crisp is it that it crackles like paper.
Sometimes it is tinted with attractive colors for festal occasions,
such as the Kachina ceremonies.
Before a dance the women busily prepare food and the girls go about
speechless, with mouths full of meal, "chewing yeast" for the corn
pudding. This and other ins and outs of the kitchen make the knowing
traveler rather shy of the otherwise attractive-looking Hopi food.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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