The vocabulary of corn in the Hopi language is extensive and contains
words descriptive even of the parts of the plant that are lacking to
most civilized people. The importance of corn is also reflected in the
numerous words describing the kinds of meal, the dishes made from corn
or in which corn enters, and of the various ways in which it is
prepared by fire for the consumption of the ever-hungry Hopi. To give
an incomplete census of corn foods, there are fifteen kinds of _piki_
or paper bread, three kinds of mush; five of short-cake; eleven of
boiled corn; four kinds baked or roasted in the coals; two cooked by
frying; four stewed and eight of cooked shelled corn, making fifty-two
varieties.
After the paper bread, perhaps the most popular food is _pigame_, or
sweet corn mush, wrapped in corn-husk and baked in an underground
oven. Another standby is shelled corn soaked and boiled till each
grain swells to several times the normal size. The Hopi like their
food well-cooked and know the art of making each starch grain expand
to the limit. A book of Hopi cookery would be bulky, but how
interesting to the housewife who would know how to make plain food
appetizing without milk or eggs, and who would learn new and strange
combinations! There are cakes made from dried fruits, chopped meat,
and straw, put on the roof to dry; dumplings formed around old
hammerstones, corn dodgers, pats of corn-meal mush wrapped in corn
husk and boiled or baked, and many other styles of food that would
seem strange to other than a Hopi epicure.
When it is time to dine, a large bowl of stew is placed on the floor
as the _piece de resistance_ and beside it a tray of _piki_. Each
member of the family breaks off a piece of _piki_, and, holding it
between thumb and finger, it is dragged through the stew much like a
seine to catch as many particles of meat as possible, then deposited
far back in the mouth so that the stew adhering to the fingers may be
cleared off with a resounding smack of the lips. A traveler to Hopi in
1869 describes a more formal meal which consisted of mutton, dried
peaches, blue _piki_, coffee, and a drink made by steeping the roasted
heart of agave in water. This writer says:
You take a small piece, lay a fragment of mutton and some peaches
upon it or a little of the sweet liquid and bolt the mass, spoon
and all. This dinner, though prepared and cooked by Indians,
tasted better than many a meal eaten by us in border settlements
cooked by whites.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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