Though other gales almost as bad as this one came in later years, it was
more than a century before the storm hunters made much progress. Not
long after 1800, several men with an inquiring mind began to get
results. Redfield was one, but he studied hurricanes and not the storms
of higher latitudes, such as the one which devastated the British Isles.
Shortly after 1800, there were signs of the coming of faster means of
travel and communications and they were destined to be a vital factor in
weather forecasting. In 1816 a “hobby-horse” with wheels was displayed
in Paris by an inventor named Niepice. It was propelled by a man or two
sitting on it and pushing on the ground. Even with two men pushing, it
went no faster than a man could walk. But strong claims were made about
its possibilities. At about the same time, several men were working on
devices like the telegraph.
Whether it was this trend or not, something aroused the intense
curiosity of a young professor, William Heinrich Brandes, of the
University of Breslau, in Germany. He began a study in 1816, to see if
the weather moved from place to place and if it would be possible to
send predictions ahead by means then available. Everybody at that time
knew that storms moved but it was the general belief that ordinary
changes in the weather didn’t go anywhere. Brandes collected newspapers
from many places and searched them for remarks about the weather, which
he put on maps. Here he was amazed to see that all kinds of weather
seemed to be constantly in motion, quite generally from west to east.
But the newspaper reports were rather poor for his purposes and he
couldn’t be too sure about the rate of travel.
Brandes knew that the French had set up weather stations and collected
observations for maps as early as 1780, but the terrible French
Revolution had brought an end to this work and the data were lying in
disuse. After some delay, he obtained copies of the observations for
1783 and put them on maps. Sure enough, after he had drawn many daily
maps, he saw clearly how the weather moved just as he had suspected it
did from the newspaper reports. But at the same time he saw that it was
hopeless. The weather moved so rapidly that there was no way of sending
the reports ahead fast enough for making predictions of what was coming.
The quickest way of sending the reports ahead was by horse or a good man
on foot, and the weather would easily outrun them. In 1820, Brandes
wrote an article about weather maps for publication and then put his
maps and newspapers in the trash. But in time his idea got around the
world and as the years passed more and more scientists began drawing
maps and trying to predict the weather. And so it came about that the
government weather services in different parts of the world were set up
to predict storms of higher latitudes rather than hurricanes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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