In the early thirties, the hurricane forecasts for the entire
susceptible region were still being made in Washington, having been
begun there in 1878. Weather reports were coming in season from
observers at land stations in the West Indies, mostly by cable. From
many places the cable messages went to Washington via Halifax. Ship’s
weather messages came by radio to coastal stations on the Atlantic and
Gulf, and from there to Washington by telegraph. Twice a day these
reports were put on maps and isobars, and pressure centers (highs and
lows) were drawn.
In general, the same system is used today. Arrows show the direction and
force of the wind at each of many points; also the barometer reading,
temperature, cloud data, and other facts are entered. Conditions in the
upper air are shown at a few places where balloon soundings are made. As
the map takes shape, it begins to show the vast sweep of the elements
across the southern United States, Mexico, Central America, and all the
region in and around the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic. In these
southern regions, the trade winds, coming from the northeast and turning
westward across the islands and the Caribbean, bring good weather to the
edge of the belt of doldrums.
This is the lazy climate of the tropics, in the vast spaces where the
bulge of the earth near the Equator seems to give things the appearance
of a view through a magnifying glass. In the distant scene, islands are
set off by glistening clouds hanging from mountain tops. White towers of
thundery clouds push upward here and there over the sea, in startling
contrast to the blue of the sky and water. Nature seems to be at peace
but the trained weather observer may see and measure things that are
disturbing to the weather forecasters when put together on a weather map
of regions extending far beyond any single observer’s horizon.
Here and there in this atmosphere that seems so peaceful an eddy forms
and drifts westward in the grand sweep of the upper air across these
southern latitudes. These temporary swirls in the atmosphere, some of
which are called “easterly waves,” are marked by a wave-like form,
drifting from the east. The wind turns a little, the barometer falls
slightly, the clouds increase temporarily, but nothing serious happens
and the eddy passes as better weather resumes. This goes on day after
day and week after week, but during the hurricane season the storm
hunters are always on the alert.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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