In 1935, the Weather Bureau found a very good answer to the
communication shortage in emergencies. A teletypewriter line called the
“hurricane circuit,” running around the Gulf Coast and Atlantic Coast of
Florida, was leased on July 1, with machines in all weather offices.
Another line was installed between Miami and Washington and eventually
extended to New York and Boston. No matter how congested the public
lines became, the weather offices were able to exchange messages and
reports without any delay. At the same time, three hurricane forecast
offices were established in the region—at Jacksonville, New Orleans, and
San Juan. After that time, the Washington office issued forecasts and
warnings of hurricanes only when they came northward to about 35° north
latitude and from there to Block Island, where the Boston office took
over.
The first violent tropical storm to strike the coast of the United
States after the hurricane circuit was set up came across the Florida
Keys on Labor Day, 1935. It was spotted in ship reports and by
observations from Turks Island on August 31 as a small storm. It moved
westward not far from the north coast of Cuba on September 1 and turned
to the northwest on September 2, having developed tremendous violence.
This hurricane is worth noting, for its central pressure, 26.35 inches,
was the lowest ever recorded in a tropical storm at sea level on land
anywhere in the world. The average pressure at sea level is about 29.90
inches. The biggest tropical storms have central pressures below 28.00
inches, but very rarely as low as 27.00 inches.
The strongest winds around the center of the Labor Day hurricane
probably exceeded two hundred miles an hour. About seven hundred
veterans of World War I were in relief camps at the point where the
center struck. A train was sent from Miami to the Keys to evacuate the
veterans ahead of the storm, but it was delayed and was wrecked and
thrown off the tracks as the veterans were being put aboard. The loss of
life among veterans and natives on the Keys in the immediate area was
nearly four hundred. There was much criticism in the press. In 1936, a
committee in Congress carried on a long investigation of the
circumstances which led to the establishment of the relief camps in such
a vulnerable position, the failure of the camp authorities to act on
warnings from the Weather Bureau, and the delay of the rescue train.
There was much talk in the committee of increasing the Weather Bureau’s
appropriations, to enable it to give earlier warnings, but nothing came
of it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account