The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated: In Nine Discourses Delivered to the Catholics of DublinNewman, John Henry
Religion
The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated: In Nine Discourses Delivered to the Catholics of Dublin
Newman, John Henry
Education, Higher; Universities and colleges
Such, as I consider, being the fortunes of Classical Literature, viewed
generally, I should never be surprised to find that, as regards this
hemisphere, for I can prophesy nothing of America, we have well nigh seen
the end of English Classics. Certainly, it is in no expectation of
Catholics continuing the series here that I speak of the duty and
necessity of their cultivating English literature. When I speak of the
formation of a Catholic school of writers, I have respect principally to
the matter of what is written, and to composition only so far forth as
style is necessary to convey and to recommend the matter. I mean a
literature which resembles the literature of the day. This is not a day
for great writers, but for good writing, and a great deal of it. There
never was a time when men wrote so much and so well, and that, without
being of any great account themselves. While our literature in this day,
especially the periodical, is rich and various, its language is elaborated
to a perfection far beyond that of our Classics, by the jealous rivalry,
the incessant practice, the mutual influence, of its many writers. In
point of mere style, I suppose, many an article in the _Times_ newspaper,
or Edinburgh Review, is superior to a preface of Dryden’s, or a Spectator,
or a pamphlet of Swift’s, or one of South’s sermons.
Our writers write so well that there is little to choose between them.
What they lack is that individuality, that earnestness, most personal yet
most unconscious of self, which is the greatest charm of an author. The
very form of the compositions of the day suggests to us their main
deficiency. They are anonymous. So was it not in the literature of those
nations which we consider the special standard of classical writing; so is
it not with our own Classics. The Epic was sung by the voice of the
living, present poet. The drama, in its very idea, is poetry in persons.
Historians begin, “Herodotus, of Halicarnassus, publishes his researches;”
or, “Thucydides, the Athenian, has composed an account of the war.” Pindar
is all through his odes a speaker. Plato, Xenophon, and Cicero, throw
their philosophical dissertations into the form of a dialogue. Orators and
preachers are by their very profession known persons, and the personal is
laid down by the Philosopher of antiquity as the source of their greatest
persuasiveness. Virgil and Horace are ever bringing into their poetry
their own characters and tastes. Dante’s poems furnish a series of events
for the chronology of his times. Milton is frequent in allusions to his
own history and circumstances. Even when Addison writes anonymously, he
writes under a professed character, and that in a great measure his own;
he writes in the first person. The “I” of the Spectator, and the “we” of
the modern Review or Newspaper, are the respective symbols of the two ages
in our literature. Catholics must do as their neighbours; they must be
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