The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated: In Nine Discourses Delivered to the Catholics of DublinNewman, John Henry
Religion
The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated: In Nine Discourses Delivered to the Catholics of Dublin
Newman, John Henry
Education, Higher; Universities and colleges
“Purer Latin, as far as _diction_ is concerned, more correct, as far as
_syntax_, cannot be desired. Every word is classical, every construction
grammatical: yet Latinity it simply has none. From beginning to end it
follows the English _mode_ of speaking, or English idiom, not the Latin.
“In proportion, then, as a candidate advances from this Anglicism into
Latinity, so far does he write good Latin.
“We might make the following remarks upon the above literal version.
“1. ‘Consideratio’ is not ‘_a_ consideration;’ the Latins, having no
article, are driven to expedients to supply its place, _e.g._, _quidam_ is
sometimes used for _a_.
“2. ‘Consideratio’ is not ‘a consideration,’ _i.e._, a _thing_ considered,
or a subject; but the _act_ of considering.
“3. It must never be forgotten, that such words as ‘consideratio’ are
generally metaphorical, and therefore cannot be used _simply_, and without
limitation or explanation, in the English sense, according to which the
_mental_ act is primarily conveyed by the word. ‘Consideratio,’ it is
true, can be used absolutely, with greater propriety than most words of
the kind; but if we take a parallel case, for instance, ‘agitatio,’ we
could not use it at once in the mental sense for ‘agitation,’ but we
should be obliged to say ‘agitatio _mentis_, _animi_,’ etc., though even
then it would not answer to ‘agitation.’
“4. ‘Inter homines, gustus,’ etc. Here the English, as is not uncommon,
throws two ideas together. It means, first, that something _occurs_ among
men, and _occurs_ among wild beasts, and that it is the same thing which
occurs among both; and secondly that this something is, that the taste of
blood has a certain particular effect. In other words, it means, (1)
‘_this_ occurs among beasts and men,’ (2) _viz._, that the ‘taste of
blood,’ etc. Therefore, ‘inter homines, etc., gustus creat, etc.,’ does
not express the English _meaning_, it only translates its _expression_.
“5. ‘Inter homines’ is not the Latin phrase for ‘among.’ ‘Inter’ generally
involves some sense of _division_, _viz._, interruption, contrast,
rivalry, etc. Thus, with a singular noun, ‘inter cœnam hoc accidit,’
_i.e._, this _interrupted_ the supper. And so with two nouns, ‘inter me et
Brundusium Cæsar est.’ And so with a plural noun, ‘hoc _inter homines_
ambigitur,’ _i.e._, man with man. ‘Micat _inter omnes_ Julium sidus,’
_i.e._, in the rivalry of star against star. ‘Inter tot annos unus (vir)
inventus est,’ _i.e._, though all those years, one by one, put in their
claim, yet only one of them can produce a man, etc. ‘Inter se diligunt,’
they love each other. On the contrary, the Latin word for ‘among,’ simply
understood, is ‘in.’
“6. As a general rule, indicatives active followed by accusatives, are
foreign to the main structure of a Latin sentence.
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