Produced by Robert Cicconetti, Jane Hyland and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE WRITER OF THE ANONYMOUS LETTER TO LORD MONTEAGLE IN 1605 "A strange letter, from a strange hand, by a strange messenger; without date to it, name at it, and (I had almost said) sense in it. A letter which, even when it was opened, was still sealed, such the affected obscurity therein." FULLER'S _Church History_, x. 32. LONDON: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON, KENT & CO., LTD. 1916 [Transcriber's note: [***] denotes an asterism, that is, a triangle comprising three asterices. A carat symbol ^ indicates that the ensuing letters of the word are superscript letters.] PREFACE One of the great mysteries of English history is the anonymous letter to Lord Monteagle, warning him not to attend the opening of Parliament, appointed for the Fifth of November, 1605, which is popularly supposed to have led to the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot. The writer's identity was carefully concealed by the Government at the time; the intention being, as explained by Lord Salisbury, "to leave the further judgment indefinite" regarding it. The official statements are, therefore, as unsatisfactory as might be expected in a matter that, for State reasons, has not been straightforwardly related. The letter, however, remaining and in fair preservation, there was always the possibility of the handwriting being identified; and this, after the lapse of over three hundred years, is now accomplished. CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE v SECTION I. HISTORICAL ANALYSIS 1 II. THE OFFICIAL STORY OF THE LETTER 5 III. IDENTIFICATION OF THE HANDWRITING 9 IV. THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL'S OPINION OF VAVASOUR'S GUILT 19 V. FRANCIS TRESHAM'S CONFIDENCE WHEN IN THE TOWER 24 VI. THE VAVASOURS AS DEPENDANTS OF THE TRESHAM FAMILY 25 LIST OF FACSIMILES 1. The anonymous letter as delivered to Lord Monteagle, October 26, 1605, warning him not to attend the opening of Parliament appointed for the Fifth of November (From the original letter in the Museum of the Public Record Office) _Frontispiece_ 2. A page of the MS. entitled "A Treatise against Lying," etc., formerly belonging to Francis Tresham, of which the handwriting was attributed by his brother, William Tresham, to William Vavasour. Now in the Bodleian Library. (Laud MSS. 655, folio 44) [1]