Transcriber’s Notes: Underscores “_” before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ in the original text. Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs. Typographical and punctuation errors have been silently corrected. [Illustration: CHARLES DARWIN] The Illustrated Story of Evolution BY Marshall J. Gauvin President of the American Secular Union; Author of “Is There a Real God?”, “Is There a Life After Death?” etc. [Illustration] New York Peter Eckler Publishing Company 1921 COPYRIGHT, 1921, BY THE PETER ECKLER PUBLISHING CO. Printed in the U. S. A. _TO MY WIFE_ _Whose fine literary taste applauds the slightest beauty of a phrase, and whose interest in this book was helpful in its preparation._ Introduction The Greek philosophers from Thales to Aristotle, more than two thousand years ago, entertained the notion that all things have been developed from primitive beginnings. This view was shared in the fourth century of the Christian era by St. Augustine, probably the greatest of the church “Fathers.” Then came the Dark Age,—an intellectual night of a thousand years—an era when reason and science were buried in the grave of superstition,—and at its close, the Revival of Learning, the dawn of the modern period. In that golden Renaissance of rational thought and scientific speculation, philosophical thinkers—Bruno, Campanella and others—influenced by the theories of the Greeks and by the astronomical discoveries of Kepler, Copernicus and Galileo, sought to explain the universe as an unfoldment from a simple, early condition of matter. But such speculation was denounced as dangerous, and Bruno died a martyr in the flames. Still the idea that there has been an evolution in nature persisted and grew, and the writings of Spinoza in Holland, of Locke in England, of Kant in Germany, of Lamarck in France,—to mention but a few philosophers—encouraged men to think that the secret of existence lay in the fact of growth.