39.—The Rudimentary Muscles of the Ear 91 Fig. 40.—Hair Tracts on Arms of Man and Ape 93 Fig. 41.—The Head of Miss Julia Pastrana 95 Fig. 42.—The Brains of Anthropoid Apes and Men 99 Fig. 43.—Joe and Sallie at Home 103 Fig. 44.—The Genealogical Tree of Humanity 107 Fig. 45.—Two Pigs 111 Fig. 46.—Dogs 115 Fig. 47.—Pigeons 117 _The Illustrated Story of Evolution_ Our fathers, many ages ago, looked out upon the world with mingled feelings of reverence and fear. They saw the sun that dazzled their eyes with the brightness of his beams as he flamed his way across the path of day; they saw the white light of the moon, hung like a spirit lamp amid the clouds that sailed over the face of night; they saw the stars, now spangling the darkness with the glory of their sheen, now veiling their faces with the sable void; they saw the infinite variety of plants, the animals of every size and form; they saw man himself, the master of the earth; and they would know something of the mighty scheme. They did not dream of natural law, but they were curious. Destitute of science, they were full of wonder. What could be the driving power back of what they saw? Existence was a challenge. They must essay an explanation. Their minds refused to rest content in ignorance. They must know how things came to be. It was the age of gods. Gods were in the wind and rain, in the flood and flame, in the roar of the thunder and the echo of the forest gorge, in the harvest that sustained and the disease that destroyed—in everything that helped or hurt the sons of men. Man could do things; the gods could do things too. Man could build a home; the gods could build a world. So reasoned our primitive fathers. Of this reasoning were born the creation stories of the ancient religions; and these stories, coming down to our day, have fixed the beliefs of countless generations of men. In one of these creation myths, regarded as of divine authority because it is found in the Bible, we are naively told that the world with its myriad forms of life and the star-studded universe beyond, were created in six days; and as this childish story is inseparably interwoven with popular religious notions, millions still regard it as sacredly true. But this is an age of science, of a growing knowledge of reality. During the last few generations, the facts of nature have been studied as they never were studied before. As a result of this study, nature has yielded to man’s inquiring mind a growing knowledge of her methods. This knowledge is now accepted by the educated world as the science of evolution. [Illustration: FIG. 1.—THE GREAT NEBULA IN ORION.