Why this Work was not Published in Baltimore--Legislative Acts Against Slavery--Testimony of a West India Planter to the Advantages of Free over Slave Labor--The True Friends of the South--Slavery Thoughtful--Signs of Contrition--Progress of Freedom in the South--Anti-slavery Extracts from Southern Journals--A Right Feeling in the Right Quarter--The Illiterate Poor Whites of the South. CHAPTER XI. SOUTHERN LITERATURE 383 Instances of Protracted Literary Labor--Comparative Insignificance of Periodical and General Literature in the Southern States--The New-York Tribune--Southern System of Publishing--Book-making in America--The Business of the Messrs. Harper--Southern Journals Struggling for Existence--Paucity of Southern Authors--Proportion of White Adults, over Twenty Years of Age, in each State, who cannot Read and Write, to the Whole White Population--Southern Authors Compelled to Seek Northern Publishers--Conclusion. CHAPTER I COMPARISON BETWEEN THE FREE AND THE SLAVE STATES. It is not our intention in this chapter to enter into an elaborate ethnographical essay, to establish peculiarities of difference, mental, moral, and physical, in the great family of man. Neither is it our design to launch into a philosophical disquisition on the laws and principles of light and darkness, with a view of educing any additional evidence of the fact, that as a general rule, the rays of the sun are more fructifying and congenial than the shades of night. Nor yet is it our purpose, by writing a formal treatise on ethics, to draw a broad line of distinction between right and wrong, to point out the propriety of morality and its advantages over immorality, nor to waste time in pressing a universally admitted truism--that virtue is preferable to vice. Self-evident truths require no argumentative demonstration. What we mean to do is simply this: to take a survey of the relative position and importance of the several states of this confederacy, from the adoption of the national compact; and when, of two sections of the country starting under the same auspices, and with equal natural advantages, we find the one rising to a degree of almost unexampled power and eminence, and the other sinking into a state of comparative imbecility and obscurity, it is our determination to trace out the causes which have led to the elevation of the former, and the depression of the latter, and to use our most earnest and honest endeavors to utterly extirpate whatever opposes the progress and prosperity of any portion of the union.