In this connection it is interesting to record some of the opinions of Western surgeons, who have come in contact with the work of these northern men. Captain H. E. Drake-Brockman had nothing too bad to say of them, and his uncle Lieut.-Colonel E. F. Drake-Brockman (formerly of the Madras Eye Hospital), in presenting his nephew’s paper before the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom, estimated the coucher’s successes at not more than 10 per cent. Lieut.-Colonel Henry Smith went so far as to declare that even the best cases, if followed long enough, ended in absolute blindness. Lieut.-Colonel F. P. Maynard formed a much less unfavourable estimate of the coucher’s results (46 per cent. of successes). The writer’s own statistics will be given later. Not the least interesting of Drake-Brockman’s contributions to the subject is his statement that vaccinators and compounders in the pay of the Indian Government are not infrequently couchers in disguise. The full significance of this observation can only be appreciated by one who knows the East intimately. Scientifically, Western medicine is educating the Indian medical man out into the light from pagan depths of darkness. Even to-day there are those of them who practise Eastern and Western medicine side by side. It would seem strange to a British surgeon to learn that it is possible for a medical man (whose qualifications, from an educational point of view, compare favourably with those of our home Universities) to lay stress before his patients on the right quarter of the moon, and on the correct aspect of the ground, for the gathering of a particular drug; yet the writer has known this happen, and that, too, in the case of a medical man who held an important scientific appointment under Government. The very fact of a man holding a post under the British Rāj would add to his prestige and increase the confidence of the people in him. That such an one should advocate and practise couching would cause no surprise to his own people, whose faith in methods based on tradition is firmly founded. Some idea of the complexity and confusion of the Indian mind to-day may be gathered from a knowledge of the strange blend of dissimilar lines of thought in those who have adopted Christianity. There are many such who keep a foot in both camps, in a way that would have been thought impossible by anyone who had not been brought into intimate contact with such people. Under these circumstances, it is hardly strange that the same kind of thing should be found in evidence in other lines of life; and yet it is no time to blame these men. Their need--I speak now from the scientific stand-point--is for “more light.” We ourselves retain to-day the taint of superstitions that come down from our witch-burning ancestors. Shall we not, then, be lenient to those who have never had our advantages? As we flood India with the daylight of true scientific knowledge, the