The Indians of the Pike's Peak Region: Including an Account of the Battle of Sand Creek, and of Occurrences in El Paso County, Colorado, during the War with the Cheyennes and Arapahoes, in 1864 and 1868Howbert, Irving
History
The Indians of the Pike's Peak Region: Including an Account of the Battle of Sand Creek, and of Occurrences in El Paso County, Colorado, during the War with the Cheyennes and Arapahoes, in 1864 and 1868
Howbert, Irving
El Paso County, Colo. -- History; Indians of North America -- Colorado; Sand Creek Massacre, Colo., 1864
In the meantime, the Government was following its usual temporizing policy
with the savages. In the spring of 1867, agents of the Indian Bureau
attempted to negotiate a new treaty with the Cheyennes and Arapahoes, and
for that purpose visited them at their camp on Pawnee Fork, near Fort
Larned, Kansas. But spring was not the time of year when the Indians
wanted to negotiate treaties, and as a result, after making several
appointments for councils, none of which was kept, the savages suddenly
disappeared, and were next heard of raiding the frontier settlements
of Kansas and Nebraska, and the lines of travel between Colorado and
the Missouri River. These raids were continued during the next five or
six months, but, after killing and robbing the whites all summer, these
Cheyennes and Arapahoes came in again professing penitence; whereupon,
following the usual custom, a new treaty was made with them, by the
terms of which both tribes consented to give up their lands in Colorado
and settle upon a reservation elsewhere. Under the treaty, they agreed
that "hereafter they would not molest any coach or wagon, nor carry
off any white woman or child, nor kill or scalp any white man." For
this and the lands ceded by them, these tribes were to receive twenty
thousand dollars annually, and a suit of clothes for each Indian; and,
in addition, teachers, physicians, farmers' implements, etc., were to
be provided, in order to help them to acquire the habits of civilization.
While it was not expressly stated in the treaty, it was understood that
the Cheyennes and Arapahoes were to be supplied with arms and ammunition.
The treaty seems to have been entered into by the agents of the Indian
Bureau with all the outward semblance of good faith, although if those
responsible of the facts they must have realized that the promise of
these Indians to remain peaceable was utterly worthless, as had been
proved year after year for a long period of time. Not only did the
treaty turn out to be worthless, but that part of it giving the savages
arms and ammunition was particularly reprehensible, as was shown by the
results. The savages remained quiet during the winter, as usual, but in
the spring they demanded the arms and ammunition that had been promised
to them, and the Indian agents urged the Bureau to grant the request,
making the plea that the Indians would starve unless these were given
to them, so that they might be able to hunt the buffalo and other game
of the plains.
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