The Industrial Arts in SpainRiaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
History
The Industrial Arts in Spain
Riaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
Decorative arts -- Spain -- History; Pottery -- Spain -- History
The Count was able from the year 1729 to circulate the pottery made at
Alcora through the Spanish dominions, free of custom-house duties. The
government granted him several other privileges and the manufactory
continued to improve, and spared no pains to import the foreign shapes
and designs which were most acceptable. No Spanish pottery manufactory
could compare with Alcora in the excellence and beauty of its work.
Among the obligations of the artists engaged, whether Spaniards or
Frenchmen, was that of teaching drawing and modelling to a certain
number of pupils. A special Academy was created for this purpose, which
at one time held more than one hundred pupils, who were constantly
renewed and increased with those who appear henceforward in the works at
Alcora. In 1736 there were fifty-six painters, eleven masters, twenty
workers at the wheel, and twenty-five apprentices. In this same year,
1736, specimens of pottery made at Alcora were sent "to all the
dominions of Spain, Rome, Naples, Malta, many Italian cities, Portugal,
and some provinces of France."
The manufactory produced yearly about 300,000 specimens of different
kinds. The ordinances are interesting which in 1732-1733 prescribe,
"that in our manufactory only pottery of the most excellent kind should
be made, similar to the Chinese, to be equally fine as to the earths
employed, that the models and wheels should be perfect, the drawing of a
first-rate kind, and the varnish and colours excellent, and the pottery
light and of good quality, for it is our express wish that the best
pottery should only be distinguished from that of an inferior kind by
the greater or less amount of painting which covers it."
Miguel Soliva, Christobal Cros, Francisco Grangel, Miguel Vilar,
Christobal Rocafort, Vicente Serrania, and Joseph Pastor were the best
painters at Alcora in 1743; they decorated a fine dinner service made
for the Tribunal of Commerce, and the large slabs for the Convent of Las
Descalzas Reales at Madrid, representing the Virgin as the Divine
Shepherdess.
Pottery painted with metallic lustre was made in 1749. We find among the
receipts used in that year one brought from Manises for this object.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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