The Industrial Arts in SpainRiaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
History
The Industrial Arts in Spain
Riaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
Decorative arts -- Spain -- History; Pottery -- Spain -- History
Agreda, Manuel, Sculptor, a brother of Esteban Agreda; he superintended
the making of biscuit china; born at Haro in 1773; won prizes at the
Academy; and was employed at the Manufactory from 1805 to 1808.
Bautista, Juan, employed to make porcelain flowers from 1785 to 1808.
Bautista, Francisco, appears in 1802 as maker of porcelain flowers.
Bautista, Sebastian, appears in 1802 as a maker of porcelain flowers.
Chevalier, Pedro, mounter of snuff-boxes from 1759, and continued to
work at the Manufactory in 1763.
Escalera, Josef, mounter of snuff-boxes from 1781, and continued to work
at the Manufactory in 1808.
Perche, Jaime Victor, French workman brought from Paris to prepare
porcelain, from 1803 to 1809.
Vivien, French workman, brought from Paris to prepare porcelain, from
1803 to 1809.
At the same time that porcelain was made at Retiro and Alcora, other
manufactories of a similar kind were established in Spain; but none of
them could compete with these. The most important was established at
Sargadelos, Galicia, in 1804. One of the finest specimens which have
reached us of this manufactory is a large bas relief representing the
massacres of the Spaniards by the French in Madrid on the 2nd of May,
1808.
GLASS.
Since the South Kensington Museum purchased the largest collection of
old and modern Spanish glass in Europe, the taste for and study of this
branch of industry has increased to a very great extent. It is evident
that this manufacture attained great importance during the three last
centuries, and possibly existed at an earlier period; and that glass
objects made in Spain possess a special and distinct character,
different to those made in other countries. Before the objects at the
Kensington Museum were collected, the existence of this industry in
Spain was comparatively unknown.
The earliest mention of glass works in Spain will be found in Pliny,
who, while explaining the proceedings which were employed in this
industry, says that glass was made in a similar manner in France and
Spain: "Jam vero et per Gallias Hispaniasque simili modo harenae
temperantur."--L. XXXVI. cap. 66.
The next allusion to this industry will be found in the works of San
Isidoro. This eminent man lived in the 7th century, and after quoting
the observations of the Roman author, gives us to understand that this
industry existed before his time in Italy, France, and Spain: "Olim
fiebat et in Italia, et per Gallias, et Hispaniam arena alba mollissima
pila mola que terebatur." [Divi. Isid. Hisp. Etymologiarum, I. XVI. cap.
16.] It is evident, therefore, from this passage, that glass was made to
a large extent in the Spanish Peninsula during the Roman period. This is
confirmed by the number of specimens which are constantly found in
ruins. We learn also that the manufacture had ceased to exist in the
seventh century.
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