The Industrial Arts in SpainRiaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
History
The Industrial Arts in Spain
Riaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
Decorative arts -- Spain -- History; Pottery -- Spain -- History
Glass vessels of the Roman period found in Spain are similar in form and
manufacture to those which we know were made in France and Italy. This
is not to be wondered at, if we remember that the Romans imposed their
artistic forms on the countries they conquered. It is impossible to
classify the specimens of this industry into determined localities. The
study of the glass paste may, at some future period, give materials for
such a classification.
One special characteristic of Roman glass may be taken into account to
be applied to Spanish glass of a later period. We find ancient specimens
constantly ornamented with a sort of thread or line which runs all over
the vase. These lines are sometimes made of transparent glass, and
sometimes of white opaque glass, termed in Italy _latticinio_ from its
milky whiteness. When the industry of glass making was revived in Europe
during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, classical forms were
copied in this as in other industries; this line ornamentation was
copied on a much smaller scale in Italy than in Spain, where it
constituted the chief and constant characteristic of glass making. It is
an interesting fact that objects of a traditional Moorish form have the
greatest amount of lines of this style of ornamentation. We cannot,
until this subject is more thoroughly investigated, do otherwise than
infer either that the tradition of this industry was preserved in Spain,
or that the Arabs imported this style of decoration from the same
localities from which it had been copied by the Romans centuries before.
The comparison of these different styles of glass making can be carried
out in a most satisfactory manner in London by examining the fine
specimens of glass in the British Museum (Slade collection), and the old
Spanish glass at South Kensington.
We have no specimens of glass of the Visigothic period. If, as is most
probable, glass was used by the Visigoths, they may have imported it
from the East, for the text I have quoted from the works of St. Isidore
seems to prove that this industry had ceased to exist in his time. The
glass paste of different colours must, however, be mentioned, which is
set in gold in the Visigothic crowns found at Guarrazar, near Toledo. It
imitates precious stones, and was very generally used during the
Byzantine period; its occurrence here makes it appear probable that at
any rate the tradition of this industry existed in Spain.
From the 8th to the end of the 15th century, during the Mahomedan
domination, I infer that the industry of glass making became as
important in Spain as that of pottery. No specimens, however, of the
earlier period have reached us, and we must judge of what it was from
the glass vessels in the Kensington Museum, belonging to the Renaissance
period, which preserve their Oriental form, and are of a different style
to that of Venice and other localities in Europe.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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