The Industrial Arts in SpainRiaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
History
The Industrial Arts in Spain
Riaño, Juan F. (Juan Facundo)
Decorative arts -- Spain -- History; Pottery -- Spain -- History
[Illustration: TAPESTRY AT THE CATHEDRAL OF GERONA; REPRESENTING THE
CREATION, &C.--SPANISH, 11TH CENTURY. _To face p. 267._]
This tapestry is about 4½ yards wide by 4 yards high. The composition
represents the Genesis. In the centre is a geometrical figure formed by
two concentric circles. In the lesser circle is a figure of Christ
holding an open book, on which appear the words, _Sanctus Deus_, and on
each side _Rex fortis_, surrounded by the inscription, _Dixit quoque
Deus, Fiat lux, Et facta est lux._ In the larger circle are the words,
_In principio creavit Deus coelum et terram, mare et omnia quæ in eis
sunt, et vidit Deus cuncta quæ egerat et erant valde bona._
The space between the two circles is divided by radiating lines into
eight portions, in which are represented the Mystic Dove, the angels of
light and darkness: the division of land from water, the creation of
sun, moon, and stars, of birds, fishes, and beasts, and of Adam and Eve.
In the angles outside the larger circle are the four winds, and the
whole is surrounded by a border, imperfect in parts, containing
representations of the months, and apparently of certain scriptural
incidents, too much defaced to be clearly made out. The accompanying
engraving, though imperfect and inaccurate in some of its details, gives
a general idea of this work.
Although this tapestry is embroidered with crewels on linen, it appears
advisable to include it in the description of Spanish tapestries, owing
to its similarity and general aspect to other tapestries. It is easy for
students of Spanish works of art of the Middle Ages to fix the period
and style to which this example belongs. Several remarkable
illuminations exist in Spain representing the Apocalypse which were
painted in the X. XI. and XIIth. centuries, which have already been
alluded to in other articles of this work. The figures of the tapestry
of Gerona are disposed in a precisely similar manner to the miniatures
of the 12th century. They are in the same style as the paintings on the
ceiling of the chapel of St. Catalina, at St. Isidoro of Leon, which
were painted at that period. There can be therefore no doubt that they
belong to that period and style. Several MSS. may be mentioned to
further illustrate the subject. An excellent specimen is at the
cathedral of Gerona, those at the National Library, Museo Arqueologico,
and Academia de la Historia, Madrid, Escorial, Bibliotheque Nationale,
Paris--and especially the fine MS. at the British Museum (Add. II.
695),--dated A. D. 1109, referred to in the chapter on Arms, page 90.
The illuminations of this volume are extremely similar to the design of
this tapestry. Plate 83, twelve inches by eight, within a circle,
representing Christ holding a book in his hand, may be given as an
example.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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