Mongols, 20; Mongol Christians, 64; material civilization, 85; physical characteristics, 111–5, 150. _See also_ Yellow Races Montausier, the, 12 Montpellier, 178 Moors, 41 Moravians, 69, 161 Morosini, 193 Morton, 111 Mulattoes, 149, 209 Muskhogees, 172 Mussulmans, _see_ Mohammedans Napoleon, 41, 151 Narbonese Gaul, 44 Narbonne, 60 Natchez, 172 Negroes, incapacity for civilization, 74–5; physical and mental characteristics, chaps. x, xii, xvi, _passim_ Nero, 17 Nestorians, 29 Neustria, 133 New Zealanders, 152 Nimroud, 168 Nineveh, 104 Normandy, climate of, 144 Normans, 31, 60 Novgorod, 60 Numidia, 94 Nushirwan, 128 _n._ Oceania, 46, 57, 107, 116, 162 Odenathus, 177 Oghuzes, 128–9 Olympia, 175 Olympus, Mount, 142 d’Orbigny, 163 _n._, 202 Orenburg, 76 Ortoghrul, 129 Osman, 129–30 Osmanlis, 129–30 Ostiaks, 127, 133 Othomi, 185 _n._ Owen, 109–11 Palestine, climate of, 59 Palmyra, 177 Panama, 61 Paraguay, 51–3, 125 _n._ Parana, 53 Paris, 10, 43, 60; mixture of races in, 150 Park, Mungo, 180 Parsees, 29 Parthenon, 193 Pathans, 76 Paul, St., 17 Pecheray, 150 Pelagian, 150 Penn, 39 Pericles, 14, 94, 157 Permians, 133 Persepolis, 126, 176 Persians, 8, 13, 29–30, 33; relation to Greeks, 174–6; relation to Arabs, 178–9 Peru, 13, 85 Peruvians, 80, 115; civilization, 167; language, 192 Philæ, 104 Philip of Macedon, 94 Philip the Arabian, 177 Phœnicians, 9, 35, 57, 79 Picardy, 201 Piedmont, 87 Pindar, 94, 157 Pisans, 8, 79 Plato, 157, 166 Pliny, 159, 166 Plutarch, 5 Polynesians, 27, 85, 147 Pompeius, 158 Pontus, 7 Postumus, C. Junius, 159 Prætorian Guard, 16 Prakriti, 86 Prichard, 8, 73, chap. x _passim_, 123, 125, 137, 146 Prometheus, 142 Purusha, 86 Quaternary type, 149 Quichuas, 85, 115 Quito, 167 Radack Islands, the, 143 Ravenna, 61 Raynal, Abbé, 6 Rechabites, 122 Redskins of North America, their treatment, 46; skull-measurement, 111–2; exclusiveness, 170–1 Regent of France (Anne of Austria), 41 Rocky Mountains, 55 Roman Empire, fall of, 2–3, 33 Romans, 8, 9; civilization, 87, 92, 94–7; modernity, 158–9; diffusion of books among, 166 Rome, luxury in, 8; religion in, 13, 17, 66; climate of, 59–60 Rosa, St., 68 Roussillon, 122 Rubens, 113 _n._ Rûm, 129 Russia, 8, 152 Russians, 76 de Sacy, 187 Sakuntala, 124 Salsette, 104 Samal, 143 Samoyedes, 27, 85, 127, 131 San Domingo, 48–51 Sandwich Islands, 46–7 Sanscrit, 188–91, 203 Saracens, 197 Sarah, 123 Sassanidæ, 177 Saxons, 29 Scandinavians, 133, 209 Schlotzer, 132 Scilly Isles, 173 Scipio, 14, 35 Scythians, 129 _n._, 133 Seljukians, 129–30 Seminoles, 172 Semites, 29, 118, 146 Semitic languages, 184, 188–9 Seneca, 161 Septimius Severus, 11 _Shahnameh_, the, 209 Sharuz, 128 Shelley, 37 _n._ Shem, 29