[48] This close relationship of, and actual difference between, the two bodies is very distinctly seen at Bristol in the reign of Edward IV., when it was the custom for the Mayor and Council of the town to choose the chief officers of the Merchant Gild, and to pass ordinances for its regulation. Gross, II. 25. [49] On the early use of coal, cf. _Work and Wages_, p. 124. [50] The Statutes of Labourers first gave a recognised position to the "men who neither held land, nor were free burgesses," but who had a dwelling, and paid the rates of some town. Cf. Cunningham, 193-4. Supra, p. 19. [51] _Quarterly Review_, Vol. 159; _Economic Interpretation_, p. 298. [52] Cf. "Butchers' Row" at Shrewsbury, where also the High Street was formerly called Bakers' Row (Pidgeon's _Handbook_, old Ed. p. 37). The Street which was afterwards known as Single Butcher Row had been earlier called "Shoemakers' Row" (Phillips, p. 200). [53] Cf. the Monks' Gilds alluded to above, p. 8 and n. 2. [54] "Which is now the only fragment left to the incumbent of the Church's income before the Reformation." S. A. S. x. 223. [55] Longfellow expresses this well in _The Golden Legend_: "The Architect Built his great heart into these sculptured stones, And with him toiled his children, _and their lives Were builded, with his own, into the walls, As offerings unto God_." [56] At Worcester a Gild School educated 100 scholars. The substitute which the Government provided at the Reformation was for less than half that number. Toulmin Smith's Collection, p. 203 and note. [57] Ordinances of the City of London, framed in 1363. [58] The Greeks had private Societies called [Greek: thiasoi] and [Greek: orgeones] which also presented this feature. Cf. Foucart, _Les Associations religieuses chez les Grecs_. [59] Brentano, 54. Cunningham, 203, n. 2. [60] Cf. supra, p. 20. In writing thus I have not forgotten that an opposite view is taken by Dr Brentano, Mr J. R. Green, Mr Geo. Howell, and in fact most of the writers who have touched on the subject. [61] Gross, I. 114. [62] Hartlepool, 1673. "It is ordered at a general guild ... that whosoever ... shall presume to come in and within the liberty of this corporation, to trade or occupye ... to the prejudice of the free trades and companyes within the corporation" etc. Gross, II. 106-7. [63] Cunningham, 209, n. 1. [64] Tailors' Composition, of 1478.