[671] It was one of Celsus’ objections to Christianity that its preachers laid more stress on belief than on the intellectual grounds of belief: Orig. _c. Cels._ 1. 9. Origen’s answer, which is characteristic rather of his own time than expressive of the belief of the apostolic age, is that this was necessary for the mass of men, who have no leisure or inclination for deep investigation (1. 10), and in order not to leave men altogether without help (1. 12). [672] E.g. Rom. vi. 17, εἰς ὃν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς; 2 John, 9, ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ τοῦ Χριστοῦ; 2 Tim. i. 13, ὑποτύπωσιν ἔχε ὑγιαινόντων λόγων ὧν παρ’ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσας; 1 Tim. vi. 12, ὡμολόγησας τὴν καλὴν ὁμολογίαν; Jude 3, ἡ ἅπαξ παραδοθεῖσα τοῖς ἁγίοις πίστις. Polycrates, ap. Eus. _H. E._ 5. 24, ὁ κανὼν τῆς πίστεως: see passages collected in Gebhardt and Harnack’s _Patres Apost._ Bd. i. th. 2 (Barnabas), p. 133. [673] Cf. Schmid, _Dogmeng._ p. 14, Das Taufsymbol. [674] c. 7. 4. [675] See Acts viii. 16, xix. 5, with which compare Rom. vi. 1-11, Acts xxii. 16. _Didaché_, 9. 5, οἱ βαπτισθέντες εἰς ὄνομα Κυρίου; and _Apost. Const._ Bk. ii. 7, p. 20, οἱ βαπτισθέντες εἰς τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ οὐκ ὀφείλουσιν ἁμαρτάνειν οἱ τοιοῦτοι· ὡς γὰρ οἱ ἀποθανόντες ἀνενέργητοι πρὸς ἁμαρτίαν ὑπάρχουσιν, οὕτως καὶ οἱ συναποθανόντες τῷ Χριστῷ ἄπρακτοι πρὸς ἁμαρτίαν; cf. 148, 7, and elsewhere, in composite form. Against this Cyprian wrote, in _Ep._ 73, _ad Jubaianum_, 16-18; cf. Harnack, _Dogmeng._ 176. [676] Cf. von Engelhardt, _Das Christenthum Justins_, p. 107. [677] Cf. Harnack, _Dogmeng._ p. 130 ff. [678] Cf. Clement’s account of Basilides’ conception of faith in contrast to his own, _Strom._ 5. 1. [679] Orig. _c. Cels._ 5. 65. [680] Cf. Ptolemæus _ad Floram_, c. 7, ed. Pet. [681] See instances in Harn. _Dogm._ p. 134. [682] Thus Basilides, ap. Hippol. 7. 20, preferred to follow a tradition from Matthias, who was said to have been specially instructed by the Saviour. The Naassenes, ib. 10. 9, traced their doctrine to James, the Brother of the Lord. Valentinus, Clem. Alex. _Strom._ 7. 17, was said to be a hearer of Theudas, who was a pupil of Paul. Hippol. 1, _proœm_, argued against all heretics that they had taken nothing from Holy Scripture, and had not preserved the τινος ἁγίου διαδοχήν. Cf. Tert. _c. Marc._ 1. 21. But see the very remarkable statement of Origen as to the cause of heresies, _c. Cels._ 3. 12; cf. Clem. Al. _Strom._ 7. 17. [683] Cf. Clem. Alex. _Strom._ 7. 17, μία ... παράδοσις, and the contention of Tert. _de præsc. hær._ 32, Sicut apostoli non diversa inter se docuissent, ita et apostolici non contraria apostolis edidissent; Harnack, pp. 183 ff., especially note 2, pp. 134-136. Eusebius, _H. E._ 4. 7, mentions that very many contemporary church writers had written in behalf τῆς ἀποστολικῆς καὶ ἐκκλησιαστικῆς δόξης, against Basilides, especially Agrippa Castor.