Produced by Stacy Brown, David Starner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net Transcriber's Note: There are many diacritical marks in this text, in addition to Greek, Persian and Arabic characters. Many common fonts should display these more or less correctly, including Times New Roman, Arial, and Courier New. Unusual characters that may not display correctly, depending on your font or software, include H̱ (H with a line underneath), ṛ (r with a dot underneath), ṇ (n with a dot underneath), ḍ (d with a dot underneath), and all of the Persian and Arabic characters. THE INFLUENCE OF INDIA AND PERSIA ON THE POETRY OF GERMANY BY ARTHUR F.J. REMY, A.M., Ph.D. SOMETIME FELLOW IN COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Copyright 1901, Columbia University Press, New York Manufactured in the United States of America TO Prof. William H. Carpenter, Ph.D. Prof. Calvin Thomas, A.M. Prof. A.V. Williams Jackson, L.H.D., Ph.D. OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK IN GRATITUDE PREFACE. The Oriental movement which manifested itself so strikingly in German literature during the nineteenth century is familiar to every student of that literature. Although the general nature of this movement is pretty clearly understood, no systematic investigation of it, so far as I know, has ever been undertaken. In the following pages an attempt is made to trace the influence which the Indo-Iranian East--the Semitic part is not considered--exerted on German poetry. The work does not claim to be exhaustive in the sense that it gives a list of all the poets that ever came under that influence. Nor does it pretend to be anything like a complete catalogue of the sources whence the poets derived their material. The performance of such a task would have required far more time and space than were at my disposal. A selection was absolutely necessary. It is hoped that the material presented in the case of each poet is sufficient to give a clear idea of the extent to which he was subject to Oriental influence, as well as of the part that he took in the movement under discussion. It is my pleasant duty to acknowledge the obligations under which I am to various scholars. In the first place, my sincere thanks are due to Professor Jackson, at whose suggestion this investigation was undertaken and whose encouragement and advice have never been wanting. I am also indebted for helpful suggestions to Professors Carpenter and Thomas of the Germanic department, who kindly volunteered to read the proof-sheets. Furthermore, I wish to thank Mr. Yohannan for assistance rendered in connection with the transliteration of some of the lithographic editions of Persian authors. And, finally, I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Gray for the use of several rare volumes which otherwise would have been inaccessible to me. Arthur F.J. Remy. New York, May 1, 1901. List of Works most frequently consulted.