The Origin of the Catharan Heresy Its Progress It Attacks the Hierarchy, Dogmas, and Worship of the Catholic Church It Undermines the Authority of the State The Hierarchy of the Cathari The _Convenenza_ The Initiation into the Sect Their Customs Their Horror of Marriage The _Endura_ or Suicide CHAPTER VI FIFTH PERIOD (GREGORY IX AND FREDERIC II). THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MONASTIC INQUISITION. Louis VIII and Louis IX Legislation of Frederic II against Heretics Gregory IX Abandons Heretics to the Secular Arm The Establishment of the Inquisition CHAPTER VII SIXTH PERIOD. DEVELOPMENT OF THE INQUISITION. (INNOCENT IV AND THE USE OF TORTURE.) The Monastic and the Episcopal Inquisitions Experts to Aid the Inquisitors Ecclesiastical Penalties The Infliction of the Death Penalty The Introduction of Torture CHAPTER VIII THEOLOGIANS, CANONISTS AND CASUISTS. Heresy and Crimes Subject to the Inquisition The Procedure The Use of Torture Theologians Defend the Death Penalty for Heresy Canonists Defend the Use of the State The Church's Responsibility in Inflicting the Death Penalty CHAPTER IX THE INQUISITION IN OPERATION. Its Field of Action The Excessive Cruelty of Inquisitors The Penalty of Imprisonment The Number of Heretics Handed Over to the Secular Arm Confiscation The _auto-da-fé_ CHAPTER X CRITICISM OF THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF THE INQUISITION. Development of the Theory on the Coercive Power of the Church Intolerance of the People Intolerance of Sovereigns The Church and Intolerance The Theologians and Intolerance Appeal to the Old Testament England and the Suppression of Heresy The Calvinists and the Suppression of Heresy Cruelty of the Criminal Code in the Middle Ages The Spirit of the Age Explains the Cruelty of the Inquisition Defects in the Procedure Abuses of Antecedent Imprisonment and Torture Heretics who were also Criminals Heresy Punished as Such Should the Death Penalty Be Inflicted upon Heretics? The Responsibility of the Church Abuses of the Penalties of Confiscation and Exile The Penitential Character of Imprisonment The Syllabus and the Coercive Power of the Church THE INQUISITION CHAPTER 1 FIRST PERIOD I-IV CENTURY THE EPOCH OF THE PERSECUTIONS ST. PAUL was the first to pronounce a sentence of condemnation upon heretics. In his Epistle to Timothy, he writes: "Of whom is Hymeneus and Alexander, whom I have delivered up to Satan, that they may learn not to blaspheme."[1] The Apostle is evidently influenced in his action by the Gospel. The one-time Pharisee no longer dreams of punishing the guilty with the severity of the Mosaic Law. The death penalty of stoning, which apostates merited under the old dispensation,[2] has been changed into a purely spiritual penalty: excommunication. [1] 1) Tim. i. 20. Cf . Tit. iii. 10-11. "A man that is a heretic, after the first and second admonition, avoid, knowing that he, that is such an one, is subverted, and sinneth, being condemned by his own judgment."