The inquisition in the Spanish dependencies: Sicily—Naples—Sardinia—Milan—the Canaries—Mexico—Peru—New GranadaLea, Henry Charles
History
The inquisition in the Spanish dependencies: Sicily—Naples—Sardinia—Milan—the Canaries—Mexico—Peru—New Granada
Lea, Henry Charles
Inquisition
While Zayas thus coöperated with Fúnez, he did not neglect the special
mission entrusted to him. Charges piled up against Fúnez, which he
condensed into a series of thirty articles, embracing all manner of
misdeeds--favoritism, injustice, improper financial transactions,
illicit trading with the Moors of Barbary, ill-treatment of prisoners,
lack of discipline in the tribunal, etc. Zayas and Fúnez seem to have
returned to Spain towards the close of 1576, for the latter’s defence
against the charges is dated at Madrid, February 12, 1577. In this he
answered all the points in full detail, with citation of documents; the
people of the islands, he asserts, are given to perjury and, when
offended, bring false accusations to revenge themselves--a habit which,
it may be hoped, he bore in mind when sitting as a judge. Doubtless he
had given them provocation enough to induce them to exercise their
talents in this line against him and the numerous charges indicate a
wide-spread feeling of hostility towards the tribunal. His defence was
skilfully drawn and, on its face, seems to be sufficient.[286]
The Canary tribunal was thus placed upon the same footing as those of
Spain, though perhaps it was subjected to a somewhat closer supervision
by the Suprema than was as yet exercised at home, for we happen to have
a letter of October 11, 1572, ordering that Antonio Lorenzo be released
from the secret prison and be given his house as a prison. Perhaps it
felt that assertion of its authority was necessary, in view of the delay
and uncertainty of communication, for commercial intercourse was not
frequent; as Fúnez says, about this time, it was notorious that there
were no vessels sailing for two or three or even more months.[287] Be
this as it may, there was another visitor sent to the Canaries in 1582,
and a third about 1590. The latter was Claudio de la Cueva, whose
visitation lasted until 1597 and was useful in exposing the iniquities
of Joseph de Armas, who had served as fiscal for more than twenty years.
A quarrel between him and the secretary, Francisco Ibañez, led to mutual
accusations and the unveiling of secrets which show how the terror
inspired by the Inquisition and the immunity of its officials enabled
them to abuse their positions. There was a rich and respected Fleming
named Jan Aventrot, married to a native widow, who was accused by a
stepdaughter of eating meat on Fridays and saying that meat left no
stain on the soul; also of eating meat in Lent and speaking Flemish.
Aventrot was secretly a Protestant, which could readily have been
developed by the ordinary inquisitorial methods, but he escaped with a
reprimand and a fine of 200 ducats.[288] How this happened finds its
explanation in the fact that, while he was in prison, Armas obtained
from him, without payment, a bill of exchange on Seville.[289] He also
defrauded the revenue by receiving goods imported by an Englishman named
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