The inquisition in the Spanish dependencies: Sicily—Naples—Sardinia—Milan—the Canaries—Mexico—Peru—New GranadaLea, Henry Charles
History
The inquisition in the Spanish dependencies: Sicily—Naples—Sardinia—Milan—the Canaries—Mexico—Peru—New Granada
Lea, Henry Charles
Inquisition
Trading with the Canaries evidently was a hazardous business and the
danger increased as time went on, for it sufficed that the crew were
heretics to justify their trial and punishment, with the accompaniment
of sequestration and confiscation. Thus on April 24, 1593, a single vote
ordered the arrest with sequestration of the pilot and other officers,
the sailors and boys and passengers of the ship named El Leon Colorado
and of all who came in the ship named San Lorenzo, both now at anchor in
the port of Las Isletas.[328] The case of the Leon Colorado is
suggestive. She was an English ship which, until 1587, had been employed
in the Lisbon trade under a licence from the Marquis of Santa Cruz, but
after his death she seems to have been transferred to Flanders. On this
voyage she had sailed from Antwerp, a Spanish port, under a licence from
Alexander of Parma, the nephew of Philip II and the governor of the Low
Countries. The _escrivano_ or purser of the ship, Franz Vandenbosch,
while on trial, procured a certificate from the municipal authorities of
Antwerp setting forth that his parents were good Catholics and so were
their children, and that Franz had sailed for the Canaries with the
licence and passport of the Duke of Parma. The only effect of this was a
vote to torture him, on learning which he confessed that in Mecklenburg
he had embraced Calvinism, and his sentence was reconciliation and
confiscation, prison and sanbenito for three years and perpetual
prohibition to visit heretic lands or to approach within ten leagues of
the sea, for which reason he was to be sent to Spain. Another member of
the crew Georg Van Hoflaquen asserted his Catholicism and adhered to it
through four successive inflictions, each of three turns of the
_cordeles_. Then he was ordered to be placed on the _burro_ or rack,
when he declared that he could no longer endure the agony and that he
was a heretic. He was sentenced to reconciliation and confiscation, and
three years of prison and sanbenito, with the corresponding
disabilities.[329]
In these cases the adverse evidence is almost wholly derived from other
members of the crews, who had no hesitation in testifying to their
comrades’ Protestantism. There was usually no concealment attempted but,
when orthodoxy was asserted, torture was unsparingly employed.
Conversion did not obtain much alleviation of punishment. Another of the
crew of the Leon Colorado was Jacob Banqueresme, a Hollander, who freely
admitted his Calvinism. He knew nothing of Catholicism but was ready to
embrace it if it seemed to him good. Theologians were set to work and,
in due time, he announced his conversion and was formally admitted to
the Church, but he was sentenced to be sent to Spain and confined in a
convent for two years, in order to be thoroughly instructed, and he was
prohibited to go to heretic lands or to approach the sea within ten
leagues.[330]
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