The inquisition in the Spanish dependencies: Sicily—Naples—Sardinia—Milan—the Canaries—Mexico—Peru—New GranadaLea, Henry Charles
History
The inquisition in the Spanish dependencies: Sicily—Naples—Sardinia—Milan—the Canaries—Mexico—Peru—New Granada
Lea, Henry Charles
Inquisition
The increasing discredit into which the tribunal had fallen and the
widely spread rumors, as we have seen, of its approaching suppression,
seem to have stimulated it to a recrudescence of activity in an effort
to assert its continued existence. It celebrated an auto, September 6,
1767, with four culprits--one of them, María Josefa Pineda Morales, for
bigamy, who had been arrested as long before as in 1760. Then on March
13, 1768, it held another with seventeen penitents. Cases of
solicitation also became more frequent as the century drew to its
close.[526] A new field of activity, moreover, was opened to it by the
outbreak of the French Revolution, when the propaganda of the rights of
man increased the importance of the Inquisition as an agency of
repression. Already, in 1770, an edict ordered the denunciation within
six days of confessors who should use the confessional to encourage
ideas contrary to the submission due to the sovereign. The accession of
the reactionary Carlos IV and the dread of revolutionary principles
began to afford a harvest of cases in which politics had more to do than
religion. There were many Frenchmen in Mexico following their trades;
they were naturally partizans of the new order of things; their
influence was dreaded for they spread their opinions among the people
and the organization and methods of the Inquisition rendered it the most
efficient instrument for the detection and punishment of
liberalism.[527]
A typical example was that of two Frenchmen, the Capitan Jean Marie
Murgier and Doctor Joseph François Morel, accused of a conspiracy to
cause a revolution and arrested in 1794. Murgier feigned sickness and,
when visited by Dr. José Francisco Rada, he asked the gaoler for a glass
of water and during his absence blocked the door with his trunk. Then he
seized Rada’s sword and declared that he would kill both him and
himself unless the tribunal would liberate him with a full acquittal and
furnish him with a pair of loaded pistols. The confusion of the tribunal
was great; parleying went on from 10.15 A.M. to 4.30 P.M., when it was
decided to break down the door. Guards with hatchets attacked it and
Murgier ran himself through with the sword. His comrade Morel cut his
throat with a pair of snuffers February 11, 1795. They were prosecuted
after death and furnished occasion for the last public auto, August 9th
of that year, where their effigies and bones were burnt as those of
heretics, deists and materialists. At the same auto there figured the
first Judaizer for many years--Rafael Gil Rodríguez, a cleric in the
lower orders, who had been arrested October 9, 1788. He proved
exceedingly obstinate and was sentenced to relaxation on February 9,
1792, after which he was held awaiting an auto. His resolution failed on
the morning of the fatal day, he professed repentance, was reconciled,
and thus saved the Inquisition the shame of burning a fellow-creature
alive at the close of the eighteenth century.
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