The instinct of workmanship, and the state of industrial artsVeblen, Thorstein
Philosophy
The instinct of workmanship, and the state of industrial arts
Veblen, Thorstein
Industrial arts -- History; Industries -- History; Technology -- History; Workmanship -- History
Master-workmen with means would employ other workmen without means,
and might or might not themselves continue to work at the trade. Petty
traders or hucksters, nominally members of some craft gild, would
grow wealthy with the increasing volume of traffic and would organise
a more and more extensive household (sweatshop) industry to meet the
increasing demands of their market; or they might become jobbers, carry
on more far-reaching trade operations over a longer term, withdraw
more distantly from the actual work of the craft, and in the course of
a generation or two (as, e. g., the Fuggers) would grow into merchant
princes and financiers who maintained but a remote and impersonal
relation to the crafts. Or, again, the associated merchants (as, e. g.,
those of the Hansa) would establish depots and agents, “factories,”
that would gradually assemble something of a working force of craftsmen
to sort, warehouse and finish the products which they handled, at the
same time that they would exercise an increasingly close and extensive
oversight of the industries from which these products were derived;
until these depots, under the management of the factors, in some cases
grew into factories in somewhat the modern acceptance of the term. In
one way and another this trading or huckstering traffic, which had
been intimately associated with the handicraft industry and gild life,
branched off in the course of time as the industries advanced to a
larger scale and a more extensive specialisation; and this increasing
“division of labour” between workmanship and salesmanship led presently
to such a segregation of the traders out of the body of craftsmen as to
give rise to a business community devoted to pecuniary management alone.
But the principles on which the new and larger business was conducted
were the same as those on which the earlier petty trade had been
carried on, and therefore the same in point of derivation and tenor
as had been worked out by long experience within the handicraft system
proper. Business traffic was an outgrowth of the handicraft system, and
it was in as secure a position in respect of legitimacy and legal and
customary guaranty as the industrial system from which its principles
were derived and from which its gains were drawn.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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