The Instruction of Ptah-Hotep and the Instruction of Ke'Gemni: The Oldest Books in the WorldPtahhotep
Philosophy
The Instruction of Ptah-Hotep and the Instruction of Ke'Gemni: The Oldest Books in the World
Ptahhotep
Conduct of life -- Early works to 1800; Maxims -- Early works to 1800
[2] Literally, _heart_.
[3] An allusion to the people of Egypt, whom he had freed from the
foreign oppressors.
[4] _i.e._ he remained quiet but watchful.
[5] Referring to the co-regency with his son.
[6] Referring to the attempted assassination.
[7] The limits, south and north, of his kingdom.
[8] The god of corn.
[9] Or, unborn souls (_hmmw_).
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AN EXPLANATION OF NAMES OCCURRING IN THIS BOOK.
AMENEMHE'ET . . . . _The God Amon is to the fore_.
HEUNI . . . . . . . _I have smitten_.
Isosi . . . . . . . Of unknown meaning.
KE'GEMNI . . . . . . _I have found a soul_; or, _A soul is
found for me_.
PTAH-HOTEP . . . . . _The God Ptah is satisfied_, alluding
either to the belief that to beget
a child was pleasing to the God, or
to the dedication of the child to the God.
SEHOTEP-'EB-RE' . . _Contenting the heart of the God Ra_.
SENFORU . . . . . . _The beautifier_.
SENWESERT . . . . . Of doubtful meaning; connected with
_The Goddess Wesert_.
Other spellings of these names are: _Amenemhat; Huna; Assa, 'Esse';
Ptahhetep; Sehetepabra, Rasehetepab; Seneferu; Usertesen_.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brugsch, H. _Hieroglyphisches-demotisches Woerterbuch_ ... vols.
v.-vii. Leipzig, 1880 _ff._ Contains explanations of many difficult
passages.
Budge, E. A. W. _An Egyptian Reading Book_. London, 1888. Second
edition, with transliteration into italics and vocabulary, London,
1896. Contains the most convenient transcript of the P.P. Follows
throughout that of Virey (see below). For some amendments see
Griffith in Proc. S.B.A. (below). The first edition is more accurate
(for this text) than the second. The vocabulary needs revision.
Chabas, F. _Le plus ancien livre du monde; etude sur le papyrus
Prisse_. Revue archeologique, premiere serie, xv. anno. Paris, 1857.
Contains a discussion of the text, etc., and partial translation.
Chabas, F. _Le papyrus Prisse_. Zeitschrift fuer egyptische Sprache.
Berlin, 1870. Discusses the meaning of various words.
Chabas, F. _Le plus ancien livre du monde; etude sur le papyrus
Prisse_. Bibliotheque orientale, vol. ii. Paris, 1872. The work of
1857 recast.
Dumichen, J. _Les sentences de Kakemni_. Les Bibles et les
initiateurs religieux de l'humanite, vol. ii. part i. Paris, 1884.
Contains a translation of Kg.
Griffith, F. L. _Notes on Egyptian Texts of the Middle Kingdom_, iii.
Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, vol. xiii. London,
1890. Discusses the text, correcting some previous errors in
transcription. Translation of Kg. and Sec.Sec. A, B of Ph.
Griffith, F. L. _Egyptian Literature_. A Library of the {74} World's
Best Literature. New York, 1898-9. Contains translation of many
sections.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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