The Introduction of Self-Registering Meteorological InstrumentsMulthauf, Robert P.
History
The Introduction of Self-Registering Meteorological Instruments
Multhauf, Robert P.
Meteorological instruments
Nearly 200 years of observation had not, however, noticeably improved
the weather, and the naive faith in the power of instruments to reveal
its mysteries, which had possessed many an early meteorologist, no
longer charmed the scientist of the early 19th century. In the first
published report of the British Association for the Advancement of
Science in 1833, J. D. Forbes called for a reorganization of procedures:
In the science of Astronomy, for example, as in that of Optics, the
great general truths which emerge in the progress of discovery,
though depending for their establishment upon a multitude of
independent facts and observations, possess sufficient unity to
connect in the mind the bearing of the whole; and the more
perfectly understood connexion of parts invites to further
generalization.
Very different is the position of an infant science like
Meteorology. The unity of the whole ... is not always kept in view,
even as far as our present very limited general conceptions will
admit of: and as few persons have devoted their whole attention to
this science alone ... no wonder that we find strewed over its
irregular and far-spread surface, patches of cultivation upon spots
chosen without discrimination and treated on no common principle,
which defy the improver to inclose, and the surveyor to estimate
and connect them. Meteorological instruments have been for the most
part treated like toys, and much time and labor have been lost in
making and recording observations utterly useless for any
scientific purpose. Even the numerous registers of a rather
superior class ... hardly contain one jot of information ready for
incorporation in a Report on the progress of Meteorology....
The most general mistake probably consists in the idea that
Meteorology, as a science, has no other object but an experimental
acquaintance with the condition of those variable elements which
from day to day constitute the general and vague result of the
state of the _weather_ at any given spot; not considering that ...
when grouped together with others of the same character, [they] may
afford the most valuable aid to scientific generalization.[5]
Forbes goes on to call for a greater emphasis on theory, and the
replacement of the many small-scale observatories with "a few great
Registers" to be adequately maintained by "great Societies" or by the
government. He suggests that the time for pursuit of theory might be
gained from "the vague mechanical task to which at present they
generally devote their time, namely the search for great numerical
accuracy, to a superfluity of decimal places exceeding the compass of
the instrument to verify."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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