If the full beauty of a well-made copper plate is to be equaled, care
must be taken, as said before, to achieve the proper depth of
engraving, and the stone must be wiped harder. Otherwise the method is
the same, except that beautiful, shining impressions often can be made
by using a firm color, if the stone can bear the necessary tension.
The inking-in with the ink-roller is like the same process in other
methods, except that the color must be softer and the roller well filled
with it. It is necessary, also, to learn by practice how to work the
color into all the deep lines.
The impression must be made immediately after inking, as otherwise the
color will sink too deeply into the stone and not give a strong
impression without renewed inking.
The paper must be wetted a little more than in the other method.
The tension of the press is according to the size of the plates, but on
the whole must be two or three times greater than for the other methods.
More pressure still may be needed for very fine work, as the finer lines
often are harder to print than the coarse ones.
As soon as the first clean proof is pulled, it must be examined for
errors or faults in the design. If there are any, the stone is removed
from the press after being delicately coated with gum, and the
correction is made as follows: Before anything else, all such faults as
are to be removed entirely are either scraped away with a very sharp
knife or rubbed away with a very fine stone. The manipulation must be
very delicate to avoid grooves and furrows or sharp edges that afterward
will hold dirt. Then the parts thus corrected are coated with a mixture
of about six parts water, two parts gum, and one part aquafortis to
prepare them anew.
If anything new is to be added to the design or drawn in place of an
error, the stone is washed with water throughout, or, if the correction
is to be made only in a very small part, washed at the desired place.
Then it is coated with the red chalk as described in the beginning, but
so thinly that the design can be seen plainly through the red coat. Now
all that is desired can be engraved, filled again with the rubbing-in
color, and turned over to the printer, who cleanses it with gum water
and proceeds to print.
Only a few more useful suggestions:--
(1) It happens often that after the first rubbing-in of fat color and
the succeeding cleansing with water, the stone gets a "tone" over its
whole surface; that is, it takes color at least partly, and thus seems
to have lost its original preparation. This may be due to the fact that
not enough gum has been used in the original coating, or that the
rubbing-in was rough enough to injure the protective coating, or that
the rubbing-in-color was left on too long before being washed away with
gum solution.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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