IV THE IMAGE PRINTS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY . . . 69 V PRINTED AND STENCILED PLAYING CARDS . . . 88 VI THE CHINESE METHOD OF PRINTING . . . 109 VII THE EARLY PRINTING OF ITALY . . . 122 VIII THE INTRODUCTION OF PAPER IN EUROPE . . . 133 IX THE BOOK-MAKERS OF THE MIDDLE AGES . . . 146 X THE PREPARATIONS FOR PRINTING . . . 171 XI BLOCK-BOOKS OF IMAGES WITHOUT TEXT . . . 193 XII BLOCK-BOOKS OF IMAGES WITH TEXT . . . 230 XIII THE DONATUS, OR BOY’S LATIN GRAMMAR . . . 254 XIV THE SPECULUM SALUTIS, OR MIRROR OF SALVATION . . . 264 XV THE WORKS AND WORKMANSHIP OF AN UNKNOWN PRINTER . . . 282 XVI THE PERIOD IN WHICH THE SPECULUM WAS PRINTED . . . 308 XVII THE LEGEND OF LOURENS JANSZOON COSTER . . . 326 XVIII THE GROWTH OF THE LEGEND . . . 347 XIX THE DOWNFALL OF THE LEGEND . . . 360 XX JOHN GUTENBERG AT STRASBURG . . . 375 XXI GUTENBERG AND HIS EARLIER WORK AT MENTZ . . . 403 XXII THE LATER WORK OF GUTENBERG . . . 431 XXIII THE WORK OF PETER SCHŒFFER AND JOHN FUST . . . 449 XXIV ALLEGED INVENTORS OF PRINTING . . . 480 XXV THE SPREAD OF PRINTING . . . 492 XXVI THE TOOLS AND USAGES OF THE FIRST PRINTERS . . . 514 AUTHORITIES CONSULTED . . . 543 INDEX . . . 547 ILLUSTRATIONS. Statue of John Gutenberg . . . Frontispiece. Surface Exposed to Impression by Copper-plate method . . . 21 Surface Inked and Exposed to Impression by Typographic method . . . 21 Surface Exposed to Impression by Lithographic method . . . 21 Face of a large Type, showing how the Letter is placed on the body . . . 24 Side view of Canon body . . . 25 Small Pica, Agate and Diamond body . . . 25 View of body inclined to show the face . . . 25 Stamped Brick from Babylon . . . 30 Fac-simile of Impression on brick . . . 31 Egyptian Stamp for impressing bricks . . . 32 Assyrian Cylinder . . . 34 Old Roman Stamps . . . 37 Roman Stamps . . . 38 Roman Scrinium and rolls of papyrus . . . 43 Types of Irregular Body . . . 52 Punch . . . 55 Matrix . . . 55 Illustrations of Type-bodies . . . 56 Type-Mould, without matrix . . . 57 One-half of the Mould . . . 57 The other half of the Mould . . . 57 Type-casting as practised in 1683 . . . 59 Type-casting as practised in 1564 . . . 62 Print of St. Christopher . . . 70 Print of the Annunciation . . . 72 Print of St. Bridget . . . 74 Flemish Indulgence Print . . . 76 Brussels Print . . . 79 Berlin Print . . . 81 Playing Card of the fifteenth century . . . 93 Print Colorer . . . 94 Engraver on Wood . . . 95 Chinese Playing Cards . . . 99 Early French Playing Cards . . . 103 French and German Playing Cards of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries . . . 105 Fac-simile of part of a Chinese Book . . . 117 Chinese Types made in London . . . 117 Mark of Jacobus Arnoldus, 1345 . . . 123 Mark of Johannes Meynersen, 1435 . . . 123 Mark of Adam de Walsokne, 1349 . . . 125