1872. In 1872 I put the closed track circuit system of signaling in practical and successful operation at several points on different divisions of the Philadelphia and Erie railroad, and on other roads. 1872-79. In 1872 to '79 I installed the closed circuit rail system of automatic signaling on various railroads in Pennsylvania, New England and elsewhere. I perfected the system and put it in as perfect and efficient and durable operation at that time as it is in today, including all its functions of block, switch, road-crossing, overlapping, rear and front, tell-tale and broken rail detector. 1878. Organized and owned the Union Electric Signal Company, based solely on my signal patents, at that time nine in number. Some time afterwards George Westinghouse and his associates bought the controlling interest in the Union Electric Signal Company and reorganized the company under the name of the Union Switch and Signal Company. Thus, the automatic signal system of the Union Switch and Signal Co. consists, in every essential particular, of the Robinson system, pure and simple. It may be here pointed out that all the railway signal companies now in operation, installing automatic signals under whatever name, are using the Robinson system bodily, and have been since the expiration of Robinson's basic patents. There is no other system, as a system, in use. HISTORY: Several years ago I published a "History of Automatic Electric and Electrically Controlled Fluid Pressure Signal Systems for Railroads," the only authentic history ever published on the subject. This was written and published at the instance of engineering friends, in the interest of indisputable historical accuracy. Telephone Experiments 1876. As a matter of more or less interest I may here state that I carried on a conversation by telephone, in 1876, through a railroad track, the circuit consisting of the two rail lines constituting a closed circuit signal block. 1877-8. Delivered numerous illustrated lectures on the telephone, and at this time discovered the principle of the wireless telephone and actually transmitted speech clearly back and forth across an open space of several inches to and from a telephone having but one terminal grounded and the other free in the air. The free, uninsulated wire (except at supports) extended several hundred feet through the air. The instruments used were large magneto telephones of my own special designing, and made by me for the special purpose of illustrating lectures. No battery was used. Electric Railway Systems Outside of automatic signaling I have done considerable work along original electrical lines. In addition to other work of importance I have for more than fifteen years devoted much time to developing a radically new departure in electric railroading. On this system I have applied for more than twenty patents, extending over a series of years, fourteen of which patents have already been issued. What This System Accomplishes