Before stating Mr. Baldwin's railroad activities it will be well to describe briefly the way in which he became interested in Dr. Robinson and his work. Dr. Robinson shortly after being graduated from college began work on a signal system to prevent train accidents which were of numerous occurrence, and made a model of his open wire system which was exhibited at the fair held by the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in New York in 1870. At the close of the fair, he sent out circulars to officers of various railroad companies explaining his system. The one received by Mr. Baldwin interested him to such an extent that he arranged for Dr. Robinson to make an installation at Kinzua, Pa., in 1870. This installation was of the normally open wire circuit controlled by track levers. After the installation, Dr. Robinson seeing that it had many serious defects began studying how to correct them. This was accomplished by the invention of the closed track circuit. He then exhibited his closed track circuit system of signaling at the State Fair held at Erie, Pa., in 1872, where he had his track circuits operating under water in a long tank. Dr. Robinson had previously explained the principles of the closed track circuit to Mr. Baldwin who requested him to make such an installation at Kinzua, Pa., in place of the open wire circuit. After this was in service, Mr. Baldwin ordered another installation to be made at Irvineton, Pa., and because of the good service rendered, this signal soon came to be called the "Old Reliable" by the locomotive enginemen. (A picture of this signal appears in Part I.) Old Employees Describe First Installations