According to Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike’s report of 1806,[93] the “Aiowais” were called by the French, colloquially, “_Ne Perce_”; which was probably “_Nez Perce_,” Pierced or Perforated Noses:[94] the first syllable of Pähutchæ, their own tribal name, being translated _nose_, which in some word-relations would be correct; while probably the last two syllables—ru’tchæ—were deemed to be in the sense of Kēru’tchæ, a word signifying to _divide_ or _part_. This was a near enough translation for the early French traders, who were not particular. [Illustration: MA-HAS-KAH, THE YOUNGER] APPENDICES APPENDIX A THE IOWA CAMPING CIRCLE The camping circle among the Iowa was usually divided into two half circles, each occupied by two phratries of four gentes each. These regulated the hunt and numerous other tribal affairs during the four seasons, the first phratry taking the lead during Autumn and Winter; the second during Spring and Summer. The list which follows was prepared in part by Rev. William Hamilton about 1880 and before his death communicated to the late J. O. Dorsey, who added a considerable number of gentes and subgentes, some further assistance being obtained through the aid of a delegation of Iowa while on a visit to Washington. FIRST PHRATRY ===================================================================== GENTES | SUBGENTES ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 1. Tu′-naⁿ-p′iⁿ, Black Bear. | 1. Ta′-po-çka, a large black Tohiⁿ and Çiʞre wonañe | bear, with a white spot on were chiefs of this gens | the chest. in 1880. Tohiⁿ kept the | 2. Pŭⁿ′-xa çka, a black bear sacred pipe. | with a red nose; literally, | Nose White. | 3. Mŭⁿ-tci′-nye, Young black | bear, a short black bear. | 4. Ki′-re-koó′-qo-toe, a small | reddish black bear, motherless; | it has little hair | and runs swiftly. | 2. Mi-tei′-ra-tce, Wolf | 1. Cŭn′-taⁿ çka, White-wolf. Ma′-hin was a chief of | 2. Cŭn′-taⁿ çe-we, Black-wolf. this gens. | 3. Cŭⁿ′-tan qo′-ʇᴐe, Gray-Wolf. | 4. Ma-nyi′-ka-qçi′, Coyote. | 3. Tce′-xi-ta, Eagle and | 1. Na′tci-tce′, i. e., Qra′-qtci, Thunder—being gens. | Real or Golden eagle. | 2. Qra′hŭñ′-e, Ancestral or | Grey eagle. | 3. Qra′ʞre′-ye, Spotted-eagle. | 4. Qra pa caⁿ.