This is no doubt conjecture on the part of the cartographer. The Sieuer de la Salle knew of both Oto and Iowa, and in his Hennepin letter of August 22, 1682, he refers to them as Otoutanta and Atounauea respectively. He further states that one of his company[18] was familiar with the languages of both these tribes, which, however, is doubtful. When Le Sueur first supplied these Indians with firearms in 1700 they were situated at the extreme headquarters of the Des Moines river, though from the translation of this explorer’s narrative, as contained in WIS. HIST. COLL., Vol. XVI, it would seem that this band and the Oto removed and “established themselves toward the Missouri river, near the Maha.” In Jefferys’ FRENCH DOMINIONS IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA, 1760, the Iowa are located on the Mississippi in latitude 43° 30’. His map however places them on the east side of the Missouri, west of the sources of the Des Moines river and above the Oto, who were on the west side of the Missouri and below the Omaha.[19] According to Lewis & Clark’s TRAVELS, ETC., (Coues’ edition, 1893), their villages consisted “of 300 men ... on the river De Moines.”[20] The map by Waw-non-que-skoona-a as included in Schoolcraft and reproduced herewith, gives the final stopping place of the Iowa at a point near the junction of the Wolf and Missouri rivers, within the limits of the present State of Nebraska. Some authorities give their final location as being in two villages, one on the Platte[21] and another on the Great Nemaha river, from which places they conducted traffic with the traders from St. Louis, dealing principally in beaver, otter, racoon, deer, and bear skins. They also appear to have been cultivators of the soil to some extent, even at this early date, and it is recorded that Le Sueur made efforts to have them locate near his Fort l’Huillier[22] as they were “industrious and accustomed to cultivate the earth.” In addition to corn they grew beans[23] and Pike says “they cultivated corn but not proportionately as much as did the Sauks and Foxes.” This traveler also states that they were less civilized than the latter.[24] At a much earlier date Father André[25] writes that, while their village was a large one they were poor as a tribe, their greatest wealth being in “ox-hides[26] and red calumets,”[27] indicating thereby that the Iowa early traded in and manufactured catlinite pipes. In many customs prevailing among the Iowa it has been found that they differed but little from cognate tribes. In their visiting, marriage relations, and management of children they were not unlike the Omaha and others closely allied among the Dakota. In the matter of fraternity they were distinct. The camp circle[28] was divided into half circles and occupied by two phratries of four gentes each.[29]