extension of employment.” After this, urgent representations of distress were made in each year to the Irish Government and to the Poor Law Commissioners, until the summer of 1842, which was more than usually wet and unfavourable to vegetation, and it therefore again became necessary to have recourse to extensive measures of relief. On this occasion 3,448ℓ. was distributed in aid of local subscriptions, in 121 separate districts; the aggregate sums raised in each case being expended, partly in public works on Captain Chads’ plan, and partly in giving gratuitous relief[9]. Besides the grants above enumerated, made for the immediate relief of the Irish poor, when failures of the potato crop caused unusual distress, large sums of money have been advanced or granted from the Imperial Treasury from time to time since the Union, for various purposes supposed to be conducive to the tranquillity and improvement of the country, and to the removal of the causes of permanent distress, as will be seen from the following specimens taken principally from a return to an order of the House of Commons of the 12th February, 1847, made on the motion of Mr. John O’Connell[10]. Works for Special Purposes under the Act 57 Geo. III., cap. 34 496,000 Do. for the Employment and Relief of the Poor, under the 1 & 2 Wm. IV., cap. 33, and previous Acts 1,339,146 Grants in aid of Public Works under various Acts of Parliament 125,000 Advanced by the London Loan Commissioners for sundry Works between 1826 and 1833 322,500 Do. do. for Poor Law Union Workhouses 1,145,800 Kingstown Harbour 1,124,586 Improvement of the River Shannon 533,359 Wide Street Commissioners, Dublin 267,778 Improving Post Roads 515,541 Gaols and Bridewells 713,005 Asylums for Lunatic Poor 710,850 Valuation of Lands and Tenements 172,774 Royal Dublin Society 285,438 Farming Society, Dublin 87,132 Linen Board, Dublin 537,656 Tithe (Relief of Clergy who did not receive Tithes of 1831) 50,916 Tithe Relief (Million Act) 918,863 Tithe Relief Commissioners (establishing Composition for Tithes) 279,217 Relief of Trade 178,070 Boards and Officers of Health (Cholera) 196,575 Police Purposes (Proclaimed Districts) 4,693,871 Police Purposes (Constabulary Police) 1,748,712