“Thus far the kings of Ireland, who lived before the arrival of the English under King Henry II, but even after that period, some, though subjects, enjoyed the regal title, and were styled kings even by the kings of England. For Hoveden cites the following passage under the year 1175. _Hic est Finis et Concordia_, &c. ‘This is the final end and concord, which was made at Windsor on the octaves of St Michael in the year of grace 1175, between our Lord Henry king of England, son of the Empress Maude, and Roderick king of Connaught, by Catholicus, Archbishop of Tuam, and Cantord, Abbot of St Brendan, and Master Laurence, chancellor of the king of Conaught, viz., that the king of England grants to the said Roderick, his liege man, king of Conaught, that as long as he shall faithfully serve him, he shall be king under him, ready to do him service as liege man, &c.’ The letters patent of king Henry II, by which he committed the management of his Irish affairs to William Fitz-Adelm, his sewer, shew us the rank in which these nominal kings were at that time placed. They begin thus: ‘_Henricus_, &c. Henry by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitain, and earl of Anjou, to the archbishops, bishops, KINGS, earls, barons, and to all his faithful subjects of Ireland, greeting.’ It appears also out of the close roll An. 6th of king John in the Tower of London, that the successor of Roderick was in like manner called king of Conaught. So in the close roll of the 5th of Henry III, some of the king’s letters patent were directed, among others to K. king of Conaught, and to O. king of Kinel-ean; and in the following year the same king granted to the king of Tosmond the land of Tosmond. For thus it is in the charter roll of the 6th of Henry III, Membr. 2, ‘_Rex_, &c. The king to the king of Tosmond, greeting. We grant unto you the land of Tosmond, (_i. e._ Thumond) which you formerly held at the farm of 130 marks, to be held of us until we come of age.’ Concerning the suit exhibited at London by Fedlimid O’Conor before K. Henry III. and his court, see Matthew Paris under the year 1140, where that writer calls him ‘_Petty King of that part of_ Ireland, _which is called_ Cunnoch, _i. e._ Conaught;’ and that Fedlimid himself took upon him the name of king of Connaught, appears from his seal, the impression of which is exhibited to the reader, plate 1, No. 3.--[It appears by the Lord Stafford’s letters (_c._) that the seal here mentioned was presented to King Charles I. in the year 1636.]” From the letter here alluded to, which was addressed to Lord Stafford by Secretary Cooke in 1636, it appears that this seal was presented by Sir Beverley Newcomen to the king in person, by whom, as the letter states, the seal was much esteemed, and well accepted. As this seal is not known to exist at present, it may be supposed that it was lost in the civil wars which followed so soon afterwards.