The Ivory Workers of the Middle AgesCust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
History
The Ivory Workers of the Middle Ages
Cust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
Ivories -- History; Ivories, Medieval
The figures on the Murano panel are long and slight, and the modelling,
though very barbarous, does round off to the background. Above are the
well-known group of flying angels supporting a garland. These figures
in the course of time have gone through a whole cycle of changes;
starting from the flying Erotes who so commonly support the portrait of
the deceased on Roman sarcophagi, they became clothed and elongated,
as we see them here, and at last stripped and chubby again we find
them on the tombs of the Medici, while their grown-up relations hover
over many an Italian picture and sculpture. The peculiar dumpy dolphin
is an interesting specimen of longevity, going through more than two
thousand years of life from the Choragic Monument at Athens to a London
Drinking Fountain without changing a line. The surprised gesture of the
accompanying disciple (Fig. 9), and of the Three Children in the Fiery
Furnace (Fig. 10), is another of those delightful conventions that meet
us at every turn in this most naïve group of sculptures. We meet it
again in the St. Lupicien panels, which are very similar, but nearer
in technique to the scenes on the Throne of Maximian. The subjects
vary little, but instead of Jonah there is a charming picture of the
Woman of Samaria standing by the well. The figure of Christ seated in
the central panel is old and bearded, and it so closely resembles the
St. John Baptist on the Throne (Fig. 12) that, except for the large
cruciform nimbus, it might be taken for that saint. The workmanship is
coarse and the hands are terribly large and ill drawn.
The drawing on the Etschmiadzin Book Cover, which is in the same style
as St. Lupicien, is still more incorrect, the legs and arms of the
flying angels being quite detached and merely placed in the drapery at
suitable angles. The modelling is even worse, and goes in many places
sheer down to the background from a surface covered with grooved lines.
Yet the figure of the youthful Christ is not unpleasing, with the wide
smooth face so characteristic of early Byzantine art. The pose, with
fingers raised to teach or bless, is taken directly from the Roman
official type, and should be compared with the diptych of Probianus.
The Virgin is accompanied by two angels, who, though without wings, can
be recognized by their pointed diadems, which have been inherited by
the angels in Italian painting.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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