The Ivory Workers of the Middle AgesCust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
History
The Ivory Workers of the Middle Ages
Cust, Anna Maria Elizabeth
Ivories -- History; Ivories, Medieval
The classical designs on the secular caskets are more completely
conventionalized than would be the result of direct imitation of
antique originals by later craftsmen; and the coin-like borders give a
clue to finding out what were their actual models. They must have been
inspired by the _repoussé_ designs on gold and silver plate, it being a
very common practice, in all ages, to insert coins round the edges of
precious vessels. The peculiar tapering ankles and delicate wrists are
another proof of some other technique intervening between the marble
sculpture and the ivories. The tendency of marble to crack if exposed
to too great a weight, led to a sturdiness in all detached forms,
and not even in the bronze statues are such exaggeratedly slender
extremities to be found.
Ancient records often tell of large masses of plate being presented to
churches in the West. A single gift to St. Germain at Auxerre in the
seventh century, consisted of one hundred silver vessels, including two
great dishes decorated with reliefs from the Æneid, and a third with
the “Rape of Europa,” and having Greek inscriptions. If there was such
a mass of plate in the West, the richness of Constantinople in gold and
silver vessels must have been simply fabulous. The descriptions of the
Byzantine chroniclers, and the figures given of the Venetian share in
the sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders in 1204, are astounding.
The silver casket at Anagni forms a connecting link; it is the same
shape and style as the ivory caskets, and the little silver reliefs are
mounted in the same manner with border strips.
The caskets with religious subjects are derived from the miniatures in
ancient and contemporary manuscripts, as has been abundantly proved by
the complete correspondence of existing plaques and miniatures. The
Victoria and Albert Museum possesses an excellent example in the strip
of ivory, with Joshua receiving envoys from the people of Gibeon, which
is taken almost line for line from two miniatures in the famous Joshua
Roll in the Vatican Library; except that in the translation of the
painting into sculpture, certain details had to be simplified, and the
serried ranks of Joshua’s soldiers were reduced to a faithful copy of
the forward group.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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