Transcriber’s Notes Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Variations in hyphenation have been standardised but all other spelling and punctuation remains unchanged. Italics are represented thus _italic_, bold thus =bold= and underline thus +under+. [Illustration: _LITH. OF SARONY & Co. NEW YORK._ JAPANESE.] +THE JAPAN EXPEDITION+ JAPAN AND AROUND THE WORLD AN ACCOUNT OF THREE VISITS TO THE JAPANESE EMPIRE WITH SKETCHES OF MADEIRA, ST. HELENA, CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, MAURITIUS, CEYLON, SINGAPORE, CHINA, AND LOO-CHOO BY J. W. SPALDING OF THE U. S. STEAM-FRIGATE MISSISSIPPI, FLAG SHIP OF THE EXPEDITION WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS IN TINT [Illustration: publishers device] REDFIELD 34 BEEKMAN STREET, NEW YORK 1855. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1855, BY J. S. REDFIELD, in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States, in and for the Southern District of New York. SAVAGE & McCREA, STEREOTYPERS, 13 Chambers Street, N. Y. PREFACE. The kindness and courtesy of that fine officer and estimable gentleman, Commander Sydney Smith Lee, in conferring upon the writer a position on the ship under his command, gave him the opportunity of seeing the “wonders of the world abroad,” in the Japan Expedition. The following pages do not profess to be a history of Japan, of which there are already a number extant, but only embody observations of what came under notice, in a cruise of nearly two and a half years. They do not pretend to invariable accuracy, the writer having kept no journal, and having had to depend on scattered memoranda, jottings down to friends, and to memory. He has endeavored to tell the tale of his travels, as his eyes told it to him. He has indulged in no adjectives about the ocean, because he believes that there has been more deliberate nonsense written upon it, than upon any other thing in all Nature. RICHMOND, VA., 1855. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Leave the United States—“Old Ironsides” Mississippi—A Man-of-War at Night—Gulf Stream—Music—First Foreign Land—The Washerwomen—Funchal—Its Harbor—Cavalleros—The Wine—A Consul—_Nossa Senhora do Monte_—The Coral—A Hospital—A Prison—Dago Pauperism—Donna Clementina—Good-by, Madeira PAGE 8 CHAPTER II.