"In the yeere 1153 ... it is written, that there came to Lubec, a citie of Germanie, one Canoa with certaine Indians, like vnto a long barge: which seemed to haue come from the coast of Baccalaos, which standeth in the same latitude that Germanie doth." (Antoine Galvano, in Goldsmid's ed. of _Hakluyt's Voyages_, vol. xvi., p. 293.) Harrisse (_Bibliotheca Americana Vetustissima_, no. 71) cites the _Chronicon_ of Eusebius (Paris, 1512) as having, "under the date 1509, a notice saying that there had been brought to Rouen seven Savages from North America." The Indians of Newfoundland, when first discovered by the French, called codfish _bacalos_, which Lescarbot and other early French writers say is identical with the Basque word for codfish. Many evidences led Cartier, upon his first voyage (1534), to believe that the natives had had previous intercourse with Europeans. 8. (p. 61)--Probably André Thevet. A translation of his description of the Isles of Demons (now known as Belle Isle and Quirpon), is given in Parkman's _Pioneers_, p. 191. Thevet's _Cosmographie Universelle_ (Paris, 1558), and _Singularitez de la France antarctique_ (Paris, 1558), must have been familiar to Lescarbot. De Costa gives a translation of so much of the _Cosmographie_ as relates to New England, in _Magazine of American History_, vol. viii., p. 130: "The production of the mendacious monk, André Thevet." It seems clear that Thevet never saw the American coast, that his imagination amplified the accounts of navigators who had visited the region, particularly those of Cartier. Priceless as are first editions of Thevet, he has a poor reputation for veracity. 9. (p. 61)--The Armouchiquois (or Almouchiquois of Champlain) were, according to Parkman (_Jesuits of N. America_, p. xxi.), the Algonkin tribes of New England,--Mohicans, Pequots, Massachusetts, Narragansetts, and others,--"in a chronic state of war with the tribes of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia." Williamson, in _History of the State of Maine_ (Hallowell, 1832, vol. i., p. 477), says they were an Etchemin tribe, the Marechites of the St. John River; but Champlain, who had, like Biard, visited the Armouchiquois country, says that it lies beyond Choüacoet (Saco), and that the language is different from those of the Souriquois and Etchemins. Laverdière affirms that "the French called Almouchiquois several peoples or tribes that the English included under the term Massachusetts;" and he conjectures that these two names are etymologically allied.--See his _Champlain_, pp. 200, 205, 206.