A colony had been established in Newfoundland, in 1621, by George, Lord Baltimore, who received from James I. a large tract of land in the southeastern part, extending westward to Placentia Bay, which he named Avalon; but he abandoned it in 1629. A grant of the whole island was made by Charles I., Nov. 13, 1637, to the Duke of Hamilton, Sir David Kirk, and others; and Kirk, who after a few years became the sole owner of Newfoundland, continued as its ruler until his death (about 1653). He did much to develop the resources of the island,--encouraging immigration, opening the fisheries to other nations as well as to the English, and protecting the industry from pirates. As the Kirk family were devoted loyalists, they suffered many losses under the Commonwealth, and Sir David's property was for some time sequestrated as that of a malignant. Finally, in 1660, his heirs were obliged to yield possession of Newfoundland to Cecil, Lord Baltimore, who claimed it under the grant made to his father.--See Henry Kirke's _First English Conquest of Canada_ (London, 1871); Prowse's _Hist. N. F._, pp. 138-157; and Kingsford's _Canada_, vol. i., pp. 142, 143. The name is also variously spelled Ker, Kerk, Kertk, Kirke, Kirtk, Kyrck, Quer, Querch, and Quercq. A daughter of David Kirk became the second wife of Pierre Radisson, the Hudson Bay explorer. 12 (p. 41).--Laverdière gives (at end of _Champlain_, "Pièces justificatives," pp. 25, 26) the letters from Charles "to ye Canadian marchants and ye com̃anders under them for rendring Kebeck." The merchants claimed to have spent £60,000 in their Canadian expedition; and they were greatly incensed at the restitution of Canada to France, ignoring as it did the rights granted them by the crown. Their letter to Isaac Wake, the representative of England in the treaty of St. Germain, is also given by Laverdière (_ut supra_, pp. 27-31); they complain that the interests of English subjects were neglected in the treaty. 13 (p. 41).--The widow of Louis Hébert (see vol. ii., _note_ 80). Her name was Marie Rollet; her second husband was Guillaume Hubou, whom she married May 16, 1629; she died May 27, 1649, at Quebec. 14 (p. 53).--_Moustache_: a name applied, in olden times, to a long lock of hair hanging from one side of the head. 15 (p. 67).--Raymond de la Ralde has been already mentioned as De Caen's successor (see vol. iv., _note_ 27); he was a Catholic, but was unfriendly to the Jesuits, who complained of him as leagued with De Caen against them. He attacked the English fishing vessels in Newfoundland, in the summer of 1628, capturing several of them, but on one occasion losing 67 of his men as prisoners; an account of this affair is given in letters from Lord Baltimore to Charles I. and the Duke of Buckingham.--English _Colonial Papers_, vol. iv., nos. 56, 57.