It cannot be denied that Maimonides travelled here on rather slippery
ground, and set a dangerous example when he admitted that he would
interpret Scripture according to his preconceived view of the world’s
beginning. But, on the other hand, it must be owned that many passages
of the Bible admit of a figurative interpretation, and the reader must
follow his own reason and discretion in deciding in each particular
case which of the two interpretations is the correct one. Maimonides
has not made excessive use of this license.
Saadiah in his Emunoth Ve-deoth devotes the first chapter to the
problem of the Creation. It is headed חדוש “Creation,” and examines
thirteen different opinions as to the origin of the universe. In the
conclusion of this chapter he makes the following remarks: “Perhaps
some one might ask in what manner something was produced from nothing.
To this we reply as follows: If we were able to understand this, we
should not have ascribed the creative act to God alone. But we declare
God as the only Creator, because we can form no idea as to the manner
in which something is created from nothing. Those who desire us to show
them how to do this, desire, in fact, that we should make them and
ourselves creators. We only conceive in our mind the fact of the
Creation, but cannot form an idea or image of the process itself....
There may be some who think little of the universe, and wonder that
this should be the result of all the power and wisdom of God. We reply
that He created as much as, according to His knowledge, would be within
the range of man’s observation and perception, and would be sufficient
to teach man the existence of God.... How can we conceive the idea that
the universe counts only 4633 years? But the universe has been created,
as we believe, and must have had a beginning at a certain time. Suppose
we had been living in the year 100; we should then not have been
surprised: why should we be surprised now?” The question as to the
purpose for which the universe was created, Saadiah makes three
attempts to answer. Maimonides, however, in “The Guide,” more
correctly, shows that the question is unanswerable and superfluous.
For, whatever purpose we assume, we must always further inquire what is
the purpose of this purpose, and so on ad infinitum, till we arrive at
the answer, it was the Will of God. If the prophet declares that God
“hath not created it in vain, but hath formed it for dwelling,” he
likewise says implicitly it was the Will of God that the earth should
be for a dwelling.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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