The words שנבואת משה רבנו ע׳׳ה היתה אמתית have been wrongly
translated “that the prophecy of Moses was true,” because this is
contained in the sixth principle, which applies equally to Moses and to
all other prophets. The term אמתית does here not denote “true,” but
“real,” “perfect,” or “direct;” and the difference between the Divine
inspiration of Moses and that of other prophets is expressed in the
above phrase, in accordance with the distinction made in the Pentateuch
(Num. xii. 8). It has been considered necessary to formulate this
distinction between Moses and other prophets in a separate article,
because it is of great importance in the proof of the Immutability of
the Law.
Maimonides in “The Guide” (chap. xxxv.) and Mishneh torah (I., Hilchoth
Yesode ha-torah vii. 6) fully describes the difference between Moses
and other prophets. He enumerates four points:—(1.) Other prophets
received the Divine message in a vision or a dream, whilst Moses
received it in a state of complete consciousness, being awake, and
apprehending the words like those spoken by a man to his fellow-men.
(2.) Other prophets received the message in images, which they had
first to interpret before communicating it to their fellow-men; Moses
was addressed by God in clear words and not in figurative speech. (3.)
Other prophets were overcome by the sight, and were in a state of fear
and trembling; Moses experienced nothing of this kind. (4.) Moses was
sure to receive a Divine reply whenever he sought it; not so the other
prophets.
Maimonides comes thus to the conclusion that the term “prophet” when
applied to Moses cannot have the same meaning as it has when applied to
other Divine messengers; and the prophecy of Moses differs from that of
other prophets not only in degree, but in kind. There are, however,
other theologians who hold that the prophecy of Moses is of the same
kind as that of other prophets, and excels the rest only by a higher
degree of prophetic faculty. (Comp. Albo Ikkarim, III., xvii.)
On the Eighth Principle, p. 134.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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