The individual Jew does not feel that he is in a position of control or even that he is interfering with his hosts--yet that is the universal complaint against him--it is a corporate or collective power--more and more resented. The position in Russia--repeated--in the Marches of Russia and Roumania and Poland--in Central Europe--in Occidental Europe--Ireland an exception. The position in the United States--Mr. Ford and the great effect of his action. The Western tradition more favourable to the Jews than the Eastern--problem of the Jews and Islam--position of the Catholic Church--effect of Industrial Capitalism and of its converse, Socialism, upon the problem. CHAPTER X THE POSITION OF THE JEWS IN ENGLAND 215 England has gone to both extremes with the Jew. The Jew in the Roman time and in the Middle Ages--his monopoly of Usury in _early_ Middle Ages--The exile of all English Jews under Edward I--their return under Cromwell--followed by a growing alliance between the English State and the Jews--largely due to cosmopolitan commercial interests of Britain--also to common hostility towards the Catholic Church--aided by great wealth and security of this country--in the later nineteenth century the Jews, in spite of their small numbers, colour every English institution, especially the Universities and the House of Commons--the interests of the two races began to diverge before the Great War--none the less a formal alliance maintained through the control of the politicians by Jewish finance--its culmination in the attempt to form an Anglo-Judaic state in Palestine. CHAPTER XI ZIONISM 231 The chief interest of the Zionist experiment lies in its reaction upon the _international_ position of the Jew--yet that point is not yet discussed--what will be the effect of the experiment on the position of Jews _outside_ Palestine, necessarily the vast majority of the race?--an inevitable alternative--either the Jews lose their international position through loss of the fiction that they are not a nation--or the Zionist experiment breaks down--effect especially in Eastern Europe. Special effect of the experiment on Great Britain--difficulty of maintaining sacrifice for purely Jewish interests--which now clash with British--unpopularity of such sacrifice inevitable--grave error of first appointment to the headship of the New State--unworthiness of the politician chosen for that position. CHAPTER XII OUR DUTY 249