That the conquest of the capital seemed no usual triumph is evidenced by
the closing words of Dio (_ibid._ 7) and by the inscription which was
carved on one of the arches erected to Titus. Several such arches were
erected. One on the lower ridges of the Palatine, at the edge of the
forum, contains the famous relief of the triumph of Titus. The other was
in the Circus Maximus, and of this we have only the copy of the
inscription (C. I. L. vi. 944). It runs as follows:[329]
The Senate and People of Rome have erected this arch to the first of
their citizens, His Sacred Majesty, Titus Caesar Vespasian, son of
the God Vespasian, High Priest, invested for the tenth time with
tribunician power, hailed commander seventeen times, chosen consul
eight times, Father of his Country, because, led by the guidance,
wisdom, and divine favor of his father, he subdued the race of the
Jews, and destroyed their city of Jerusalem, a city which all kings,
commanders, and nations before him have either attacked in vain, or
left wholly unassailed.
Dio notes that the title “Judaicus” was not assumed by either Vespasian
or Titus. The inscription just quoted makes it clear that their motive
in doing so was not any desire to minimize the importance of their
victory. Relatively less important triumphs over such people as the
Adiabeni or Carpi resulted in the assumption of the titles of
Adiabenicus or Carpicus. It has been urged with considerable
plausibility[330] that the term “Judaicus” would suggest to the general
public a “convert to Judaism,” and at a moment when the spread of
Judaism was, if anything, greater and more successful than ever, despite
the fall of the temple, that was an impression dangerous to convey,
particularly since Titus was himself under a strong suspicion of Eastern
proclivities (Suet. Titus, 5). As a matter of fact, however, Dio’s
surprise is due to the conditions of his own time, when the emperors
freely assumed these gentile cognomina. So Septimius Severus is
Parthicus, Arabicus, Adiabenicus, Britannicus. In Vespasian’s time that
was distinctly not customary. None of his predecessors assumed these
titles. The name Germanicus, used by Gaius, Claudius, and Nero, is a
hereditary cognomen, and its assumption by Vitellius is due to a desire
on the latter’s part to associate himself with the memory of a name at
all times endeared to the people.
But that the conquest of Judea seemed at the time quite equal to those
which justified the assumption of such honoring titles, may be seen in
the epigram of Martial (ii. 2):
_Creta dedit magnum, maius dedit Africa nomen
Scipio quod victor quodque Metellus habet,
Nobilius domito tribuit Germania Rheno,
Et puer hoc dignus nomine, Caesar, eras.
Frater Idumaeos meruit cum patre triumphos,
Quae datur ex Chattis laurea, tota tua est._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account