It is quite untrue to say that unnatural sexual excesses were so
prevalent as to pass without comment among Greeks and Romans generally.
However large they loom in the writings of extant poets, we may remember
that poets are emotionally privileged people. The sober Roman and Greek
did not find any legal or moral offense in illicit love, but unnatural
lust was generally offensive from both points of view, and, however
widely practised, it was at no time countenanced. Still, Jews and
Christians would be justified in comparing their own unmistakable and
specific condemnations in this matter with the mere disapproval with
which decent heathens regarded it. For the Greek legend that made the
fate of Laius, father of Oedipus,[356] a punishment of his crime in
first bringing pederasty into the world, the Jews had the much more
drastic punishment of Sodom; and, in many passages of the Apocrypha, the
fact of this vice’s prevalence is dwelt upon as a characteristic
difference between Jewish and gentile life.[357]
In many other matters there are evidences that not all the regulations
of Aboda Zara were carried out by all Jews. In the Tosefta[358] we meet
the express prohibition of theatrical representations to the Jews, a
prohibition which, in view of the fact that dramatic performances were
at all times theoretically and actually festivals in honor of Dionysus,
seems perfectly natural. But in spite of that, in the great theater at
Miletus, some extremely desirable seats in the very front rows are
inscribed τόπος τῶν Εἰουδαίων φιλοσεβάστων, “Reserved for
His Imperial Majesty’s most loyal Jews.”[359] It will therefore not be
safe to assume that the Halakic provision which forbade Jews to attend
the theater actually meant that Jews as a class did not do so.
But we find even stronger evidences of the fact that the amenities of
social life in Greek cities seemed to some Jews to override the
decisions of the law schools in Palestine. In Asia Minor a Jew leaves
money not merely for the usual purposes of maintaining his monument, but
also for the astounding purpose of actually assisting a heathen
ceremonial.[360] The instance is a late one, but perhaps more valuable
for that reason, because the spread of the schools’ influence increased
constantly during the third century.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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