Where artificial feeding must be started early, cow’s milk is almost universally employed. Whenever possible, “certified milk” should be used; the ordinary milk, however, can be boiled with little or no harm. In diluting and preparing this milk, we have the choice of several methods. The so-called percentage feeding, favored in America, is difficult and cumbersome, and has no advantages over its simpler rivals. Pfaundler’s rule may be safely employed. It is as follows: One-tenth body-weight of milk, one one-hundredth body-weight of sugar diluted up to one liter; give 200 c.c. five times in twenty-four hours. Even simpler is the following: One-third milk for the first month, one-half for the second month, two-thirds for the third and fourth months, each with the addition of 4 to 6 per cent sugar. Either milk-sugar or ordinary granulated sugar may be employed. The malt sugars and extracts should be reserved for sick children. After the second month, oatmeal water may be used as a diluent in place of plain water. Recently Friedenthal, a Berlin physiologist, has attempted an exact imitation of mother’s milk, including that important element, the salt, which had, until recently, been entirely neglected. Langstein is very enthusiastic over this milk as a food for healthy infants; but Finkelstein, in a personal communication, assured me that it has not as yet proved itself. Schloss, dissatisfied with the results of the Friedenthal milk, has modified it in the direction of casein milk by replacing the milk-sugar with the malt preparations, and increasing the protein content. He claims good results, and is supported by Leopold, of New York, who has used it extensively. But we must leave the final word as to both these milks for the future to decide. From the sixth to the ninth month for both breast-fed and bottle-fed babies, cooked cereals, toast, and vegetables should be gradually added to the diet. At the ninth month, unless this is one of the hot summer months, the nursling should be weaned, and a small amount of cow’s milk substituted. The weaning should be gradual by omitting one nursing period each week. The one important exception to the foregoing rules for the first year of life, is the premature infant. In the ninth month of fetal life, reserves of calcium and iron are stored up in the body, which the infant gradually uses up during the first nine months of extra-uterine life. The premature infant lacks this store, and manifests it in different ways. As early as the second or third month a breast-fed premature infant may develop a most extensive craniotabes. This is not due to a true rachitis, i.e., disturbance of calcium metabolism, but to a want of calcium in the body. Small amounts of cow’s milk, which contains much more calcium than human milk, or calcium in the form of calcium lactate or chloride, will remedy this condition. A similar process happens in the case of iron. The premature