Mr. Magrah says, (Beaufoy’s MSS.) “All my late informants persist in representing Houssa as a considerable empire, comprehending many principalities. Kasna, (says Sidi Cossem,) is the _great city_, Houssa, the _country_ of the Negroes. The course from Tunis to Gadamis is due south; and the same from thence to Houssa.” (The same authority gave the bearing from Fezzan to Agades, at S 30° W.; and thence to Kasna, due south.)[80] GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. It is an unquestionable fact, that Geography has gained very considerably by Mr. Horneman’s travels; though not quite so much as if he had transmitted the general bearings of the different portions of his routes; as well as the latitudes of some important geographical points; together with an account of the time employed between Fezzan and Tripoly. However, very great allowances must be made, for the critical situation in which he was placed; from the difficulty of supporting the character he had assumed, whilst he was forwarding the purposes of the Association. It may be justly remarked, that the course of a few years, has solved many of the questions respecting the geography and natural history of Africa, that appeared the most important and curious, during a series of ages: and it may be added, that the physical geography of Africa, turns out to be more remarkable than was even supposed. Of the questions either wholly, or in part, solved, may be reckoned the following: _First._ The general direction of the stream of the _Niger_, now proved by Mr. Park, to be from west to east; although the _place_ and _mode_ of its termination, are not _exactly known_. _Secondly._ The place of the remote head of the Nile; in all ages a _desideratum_: and which, although it has not been actually visited, may fairly be believed, on the authority of Mr. Browne’s information: more especially, as it agrees so nearly with the report of the Darfoor people, to Ledyard, at Cairo; with the reports of the Arabian geographers; and with the information collected by M. Maillet, in Egypt. _Thirdly._ The place of the Oasis, and remains of the temple of Jupiter Ammon; discovered by Mr. Browne, and corroborated by Mr. Horneman: as also, the exact position and extent of the Greater Oasis, by Mr. Browne; and the approximated position of the Lesser Oasis, by the joint inquiries of the same gentlemen. _Fourthly._ The position of the nation called _Garamantes_ by the ancients; derived from information collected by the African Association. _Fifthly._ The truth of the question respecting the _Lotus_; which, considered fairly, and stripped of the poetical ideas annexed to it, is really what the ancients described it to be. The merit of this discovery, or at least, the distinct proof of it, rests, in a great measure, with Mr. Park. _Sixthly._ The proof of certain facts stated by the ancients; as, 1. The Dates of the distant inland tracts, being gathered by the people of the sea coast.