“The river you call Niger—in Soudan, _Gulbi_, or _Gaora_; in Burnu, _Zad_; is a very large river, into which fall more than twelve other rivers. It comes from Tombuctoo, as I am told, runs to the south of Haussa (or Soudan), in the empire of Burnu; here it takes a more southern direction, and falls (at least I could not find a single man who said to the contrary), south of Darfoor into the Nile. There is another river coming from Darfoor, which passes by Wadey and Metko, and terminates in a large lake called _Fiddri_, in a kingdom called by the inhabitants Fiddri; by the people to the east of them, _Cougu_; and by those on the west, _Lussi_. The lake of Fiddri is four days in circumference, but in the time of the rains much more extensive, inundating the surrounding country, which, after the waters are withdrawn, is sown and cultivated. “Near to _Mesna_, the capital of Bergamé, is another large river; but it is considerable only in the rainy season. Bahr of Gazelles, or _Wad-el-Gazelles_, is not a river, but a long and fertile valley, inhabited by Nomadian Tibbo, whose houses are made of skins. “_Burnu_ is the most powerful kingdom in the interior of Africa. The next to it is the sultan of _Asben_, who resides at Agades. The kings of the countries of which Haussa consists, all pay tribute to Burnu; these are _Kashna_, _Daura_, _Keeno_, _Sofau_, _Noro_, _Nyffé_, _Gaauri_, _Cabi_, _Guber_, (Zanfara belongs to Guber.) Kashna pays every year 100 slaves, &c. Some of them pay to Burnu and Asben. The king of Asben with the greatest part of his nation are Tuaricks of the tribe _Kolluvi_. Many of the Tuaricks near to Tombuctoo, are white; and another tribe near to Burnu, are also white, like the Arabs of the northern coast of Africa. “Begarmé pays tribute to Burnu; _Ungura_, (doubtless _Wangara_, Leo. Afr.) and _Cougu_, are governed by officers of that sultan. “There is a general opinion of all Burnu and Fezzan people, that Burnu and Fezzan, according to our manner of speaking, lie under the same meridian. Burnu is distant from Kashna 15 days, by travelling very slow 20 fisturnees, or about 330 English miles. Fiddri from Burnu E by N 25 days. The people of Fiddri have no salt in their country, but what they prepare from straw ashes. “A great part of the people of _Wadey_, together with their king, are Arabs. “In the direction of south by west from Augila, distant ten days, or about 200 miles, are the _Febabo_, and some days more to the south the _Birgu_, nations of the Tibbo, whose country is very fine and fertile: they are said to be Pagans. It is singular, that the people of Augila, in speaking of these tribes, make much the same comparison which Herodotus (Melpom. c. 183.) does, when speaking of the Ethiopian _Troglodytæ_, hunted by the Garamantes, ‘that their language is like the whistling of birds.’