[81] This palace is now the Opera del Duomo. The sculpture has disappeared and only the French device remains. The inscription referred to by Montaigne was renewed in 1695 by Giulio Gaetani: “Ædile Joanne Mariani Christianiss. Gallorum Hierusalem et Siciliæ--Citra forum Rex Carolus VIII. in his--Divæ Matris Ædibus idus Novemb.:--1485 ex insperato comedit--Pisanæ libertatis argumentum nunquam--Tantam Magnus Alexander liberalitatem--Ostendit.” [82] These ruins are now called the Baths of Nero. [83] San Michele in Borgo. The church, which was built by Niccolo Pisano, shows no trace of Roman work. [84] San Pietro in Grado. It probably dates from the tenth century, and is built of ancient fragments. The tradition is that S. Peter landed here and built the church. [85] Third son of Cosimo I. He murdered his wife, Eleanora of Toledo, who was so frequently painted by Bronzino. He died in 1604. [86] Dante, _Inferno_, xxxiii., alludes to the position of these islands-- “Muovansi la Capraia e la Gorgona, E faccian siepe ad Arno in su la foce Si ch’ egli annieghi in te ogni persona.” [87] Leonardo da Vinci, in his “Treatise on Botany,” makes similar remarks as to the rings in timber and the effect of a north aspect on the character of the wood. [88] There is a reference to this visit, _Essais_, i. 25: “Je vis privément à Pise un honeste homme, mais si Aristotelicien, que le plus general de ses dogmes est: Que la touche et regle de toutes imaginations solides, et de toute verité, c’est la conformité à la doctrine d’Aristote: que hors de là, ce ne sont que chimeres et inanité: qu’il a tout veu et tout dit. Cette sienne proposition, pour avoir esté un peu trop largement et uniquement interpretée, le mit autrefois, et tint longtemps en grand accessoire à l’inquisition à Rome.” Borro was born at Arezzo, and appointed Professor of Philosophy at Pisa in 1553. After divers prosecutions by the Inquisition, he was finally dismissed in 1586, and died at Perugia in 1592. [89] Jacopo and not Pietro Paulo. He was Archbishop of Pisa from 1574 to 1575. [90] Tommaso Cornacchini, a famous Aretine physician. He was Professor of Medicine at Pisa, and died there in 1584. His works were published after his death by his sons Oragio and Marco (Padua 1605, Venice 1607). Marco was also a distinguished physician and the inventor of the _Polvere cornacchina_. [91] Now known as Casciana. [92] Some remains of a Roman bath still exist in Pisa itself close to the Porta a Lucca, and are called Bagno di Nerone. Montaigne probably confuses the two places. The baths which he here describes are still in use, and are the same as were known in ancient times as Aquæ Calidæ Pisanorum. [93] Old form of _schifiltà_--squeamishness. [94] Montaigne writes somewhat in the same strain in _Essais_, ii. 6, and gives an apology for suicide, ii. 3.